Who are workers and employees?
In the All-Russian Classifier of Professions and Positions, all hired employees of organizations and enterprises of different forms of ownership are differentiated into workers and employees. There is a fundamental difference between these categories.
Workers are people who are directly involved in the production of material assets. They also carry out transportation of passengers and cargo, repair work, equipment maintenance, provision of maintenance services, etc.
Their professional duty is physical labor, for which they receive payment mainly on a piece-rate basis in accordance with the approved wage grades (from 2 to 8). The result of a worker’s labor can be “touched with your hands”, accurately measured and calculated.
Employees are employees who perform non-physical work, which requires professional training at various levels (it is received in colleges and universities, in courses). Such workers are employed in a variety of sectors of the economy:
- industry (designers, engineers, heads of workshops and departments);
- medicine (doctors);
- service sector (managers, IT specialists);
- trade (consultants, cashiers, salespeople);
- education (tutors, teachers, lecturers, educators);
- public service (officials, military, police), etc.
For their work they receive remuneration in the form of a salary stipulated by law, as well as additional allowances and bonuses. The result of employee labor, as a rule, cannot be accurately measured; it can only be assessed theoretically and rather subjectively, taking into account the success of the unit (organization) or the quality of the performance of some task.
Workers mainly work in the workshops of enterprises, on construction sites, in the field, in the kitchen, in mines, livestock farms, etc. Employees perform their tasks in offices, auditoriums, classrooms, and hospital wards. In production, they mainly perform management and supervisory functions.
Follow your dream
When choosing a profession and specialty, people are guided by a variety of motives. Often responsibility is placed on young graduates who must determine the scope of their future work activity. Here it is important not to get confused by the abundance (or, conversely, scarcity) of options and choose exactly the activity that will bring joy and satisfaction along with decent pay. Of course, it is tempting to leave the decision to parents or anyone else, but they are unlikely to be able to match the other person's preferences with his needs, abilities and potential. Often in such cases the choice is made for economic reasons.
You can get adequate help in career guidance by contacting an appropriate psychologist. Such specialists use various gaming techniques, tests and consultations. Then, analyzing the data received, they issue their recommendations.
Of course, the cost of education and the capabilities of the applicant’s family are also an important factor, but it should not be the determining factor. There are various programs that help you get discounts on tuition. It is also possible to find a simpler and cheaper educational institution in other cities. Another option for obtaining the desired profession is enrollment in free colleges and technical schools.
Professions in the category "employees"
Let us clarify: the formulation of “employee professions” is not entirely correct; it is more correct to talk about positions - this is exactly the differentiation adopted in the official classifier.
In any case, the list of employee professions is very wide. In this case, all positions are divided into three main categories:
- Leaders. These are those who are now commonly called top managers: directors, chiefs, managers, managers and their deputies. In addition, this group includes chief specialists in certain areas: chief economist, chief agronomist, chief engineer, as well as government inspectors.
- Specialists. These are employees engaged in economic, engineering and other activities. For example, mechanics, administrators, editors, lawyers, teachers, psychologists, accountants. Also included in this subgroup are their assistants and assistants.
- Line employees. These are representatives of different professions who are engaged in business services, control and accounting, preparation of documents and reports. This category includes cashiers, archivists, clerks, timekeepers, secretaries, duty officers, commandants, etc.
Employees of state or municipal bodies (officials in the generally accepted sense) are also considered employees. The main task of a civil servant is to ensure compliance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, as well as to protect the interests and rights of citizens.
Special mention should be made of special structures that perform strategically important tasks for the country. First of all, we are talking about the Armed Forces and paramilitary organizations (police, Ministry of Emergency Situations). The bulk of the employees there are office workers.
Range of duties
The main responsibility of a businessman is to organize the work process in order to increase the company’s profits. Regardless of whether he is an employee or self-employed, and regardless of the field in which he is involved, he will have a number of universal responsibilities.
This list includes the following actions:
- conducting negotiations (online, personal, telephone);
- studying data, analyzing it, making forecasts;
- organization of the trading process and its control;
- maintaining document flow, drawing up reports on the work done and results achieved;
- formation of a trade assortment, active participation in determining prices for items;
- selection of means for product promotion.
Depending on the specifics of their position, merchants can additionally perform the duties of advertising specialists, managers, and merchandise experts. A member of the profession must be prepared to travel to the warehouse to evaluate the product and then immediately head to negotiations with a potential client.
Provided that the specialist is highly qualified, he can easily get a job in a prestigious company, and over time achieve high material well-being, move up the career ladder and take the position of commercial director.
Business Code of Ethics
Entrepreneurs conducting their business must, unspoken, abide by the ethical rules established in the commercial sphere. This will contribute to their career growth, networking, and building authority. At the heart of everything is the obligation to comply with the agreements reached with business partners and not to go back on your own words. This list also includes the need to restrain emotions, behave professionally in any situation, and follow the rules of etiquette. It is equally important to respect the traditions and laws of the countries with whose citizens the merchant conducts business relations.
Skills and abilities
The list of theoretical knowledge and practical skills required for a businessman is determined by his field of activity. At the same time, sales and purchasing management techniques will be useful to him in any case. Additionally, an entrepreneur should study the basics of marketing, accounting and taxation, economic and product analysis. An entrepreneur aimed at success and career growth must be interested in personnel management techniques. He should also study innovations in the field of production that will help him generate useful business ideas.
What specialties and where is it better to study?
Working professions are obtained in secondary specialized educational institutions (colleges) - technical schools and colleges - or in training centers. Employees (managers and specialists) need higher qualifications and, accordingly, higher education. In principle, after studying in any field at a university, a graduate comes to enterprises, organizations and companies for one of the employee positions. You can work in the specialty indicated in the diploma, or get a job in the civil service, where for many positions it is enough to have any higher education.
You can enter a university of any profile: humanities, technical or classical. To do this, it is necessary to pass the mandatory Unified State Exam in Russian language and mathematics, as well as in subjects related to the future specialty (history, biology, chemistry, social studies, physics, etc.). Admission to colleges is based on a competition of school certificates for grades 9 or 11.
Who is it suitable for?
Working professions are more suitable for people who have a tendency to do certain jobs with their hands. Those who prefer mental or creative work without physical activity become employees. In general, the following personal qualities are required from employees in the service:
- high qualifications in their field of activity;
- knowledge of legislation and industry
by-laws; - responsibility;
- Analytical mind;
- a penchant for innovation and innovation;
- general erudition;
- the ability to make correct and timely decisions.
Since many employees perform managerial functions, they will benefit from organizational skills, knowledge of labor legislation, labor protection and fire safety standards.
How much do they get
Salary depends on the region, organization, position, qualifications and length of service. For example, in the same bank, the wages of employees may differ several times (the lowest paid is a security guard, at the opposite pole is the head of a department, director). In the civil service, senior officials are paid more than in many sectors of the economy.
A dozen years ago, employees generally received more than workers, but now the situation is beginning to change. Highly skilled workers are in short supply, so employers are willing to pay a welder, excavator operator, turner or industrial climber much more than an ordinary office employee. In addition, workers often work on a rotational basis in remote regions, where special “northern” allowances are used when calculating wages.
What is the difference between civil service and state service?
Contents The emergence of the state predetermines the formation of the civil service, which is a means of fulfilling the duties of the state.
https://youtu.be/YGo1mmDKGp4
The capacity of public service bodies depends on the organization, functioning and political will of all branches of government, as well as local government bodies.
The public service includes the official activities of highly qualified citizens who are able to ensure the exercise of powers of all government bodies and government entities. Since one of the conditions for being in the service is professionalism, accordingly, citizens with appropriate education can hold positions in government agencies, provided they have supporting documents.
The implementation of government activities can be carried out in several directions:
- The social approach lies in the fruitful social activities of employees holding public positions.
- A political approach that involves effective interaction between government agencies and society as a whole.
- The sociological approach examines the practical side of public service, the level of effectiveness and problems of implementation.
This service is characterized not only by achieving specific goals set by the state, but also by ensuring the preservation of the rights of citizens. An important feature of the civil service is formality. This means that a civil servant is
Prospects for white-collar professions
In the rapidly changing modern world, professions constantly appear and disappear. A person who is thinking about his future needs to look for a specialty that will be relevant in the labor market for a long time (teacher, builder or pharmacist, for example).
One of the modern trends is professions at the intersection of seemingly incompatible things - a kind of humanitarian technologists or technologically advanced humanists. These new specialties include:
- systems biotechnologist – a specialist in replacing morally and technically outdated solutions in various industries with new biotechnological products. For example, it will help transport companies switch to working on biofuel instead of diesel fuel, and construction companies to replace concrete and cement with innovative biomaterials;
- a medical equipment architect is a specialist in both the fields of engineering and computer graphics, electronics, materials science, who has developed spatial thinking, understands human anatomy and physiology, the biocompatibility of materials and devices, and is also an expert in medical and technical safety;
- A cross-logistics operator is a professional whose responsibilities include developing the optimal way to transport people and deliver goods by different modes of transport. Also, one of its tasks is to redistribute the load on transport networks;
- An IT preacher is a specialist who has nothing to do with religion. His task is to communicate with potential end users of IT products and promote new digital solutions among those who are conservative and skeptical about advanced technologies.
Therefore, if you have the appropriate abilities, it is worth getting a higher education in several profiles - new professions are still just being formed, but in the coming years there will be an urgent need for cross-functional specialists capable of working in the positions of employees of the “new generation”, and office plankton moving papers from place to place in place, will go to scrap (or for retraining).
Author: Alexey Kuznetsov
Features of career growth
Regardless of plans for the future, it is recommended that an entrepreneur work a little as an assistant to an experienced specialist. Further, depending on his career goals, he can become a sought-after expert or launch his own project. In the first case, it is important to gain experience in successful sales and develop skills in the field of presentation, promotion, and advertising of products. Effective activities will allow the hired employee to advance up the career ladder up to a management position (head of department, director). If you have certain skills, you can earn hundreds of thousands of rubles as a sales manager, without bearing responsibility.
Developing your own business is possible not only if the project is promoted by an experienced businessman who has gained experience for many years working for others. Today, the option of launching startups is very popular. They can even get government or preferential funding. At the same time, it is not necessary to have authority in the chosen field or even higher education. Sometimes a good idea is enough to attract the attention of investors, as well as a competent business plan.
The profession requires high self-control, you must be able to communicate with people, construct your thoughts correctly and have eloquence.
