Profession economist: responsibilities and requirements, earnings, skills

Legal basis for working as a labor economist

A separate position of labor economist may be in a company on the basis of the Qualification Directory of Positions of Managers, Specialists and Other Employees, which provides for it. It was approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 21, 1998 No. 37.

Please note that the job description of a labor economist should not contradict this document of the Ministry of Labor.

But the labor economist’s professional standard is not legally approved. The closest thing to it is the professional standard “Labor Migration Specialist” (approved by Order of the Ministry of Labor dated October 29, 2018 No. 672n).

Note that in practice such a specialist is often called a labor rationing economist. In addition, he often deals with salary issues.

Typically, labor economist vacancies are posted by large or medium-sized organizations.

Salary level for beginners and experienced specialists

The average salary of a representative of the profession varies around 40,000-50,000 rubles. In practice, it all depends on the company where he works. Representatives of the industrial and food industries receive about 60,000 rubles. Whereas the banking sector guarantees higher earnings - approximately 80 - 100 thousand rubles.

Economists who have worked for more than three years are considered specialists. Their salary can increase by 2-3 times. Plus, we must not forget about the region where the employee works. The Moscow region and everything closer to the capital guarantees higher incomes than provincial towns.

Main job responsibilities of a labor economist

The basic list of responsibilities of an economist in the labor department at an enterprise is as follows:

work to improve the organization of labor, forms and systems of wages, material and moral incentives;
develops draft long-term and annual plans for labor and wages of the enterprise and its divisions, plans for increasing labor productivity and improving its organization;
calculates wage funds and the number of employees, taking into account the need for the most rational use of labor resources, ensuring the correct ratio of workers by personnel categories and qualification categories, participates in determining the need for workers and employees, planning the training of qualified personnel, communicates planned indicators to the divisions of the enterprise;
studies the effectiveness of the application of existing forms and systems of wages, material and moral incentives, prepares proposals for their improvement;
develops a mechanism for distributing additional income resulting from increased labor productivity, improved product quality, reduced production costs, as well as the rental of premises and property from the placement of funds in securities;
develops regulations on bonuses for workers and employees, conditions for material incentives for multi-machine service, combining professions and positions, increasing service areas and the volume of work performed in order to improve the use of equipment and reduce labor costs;
participates in drawing up plans for the social development of the enterprise team, in the development and implementation of measures to strengthen labor discipline, reduce staff turnover, strengthen control over the use of working time and compliance with internal labor regulations;
draws up staffing schedules in accordance with the approved management structure, salary schemes, wage funds and current standards, makes changes to them due to the emergence of new types of activities (positions);
determines the amount of bonuses based on current regulations;
control over compliance with staff discipline, expenditure of the wage fund, over the correct establishment of the names of professions and positions, the application of tariff rates and prices, official salaries, additional payments, allowances and wage coefficients, over the tariffication of work and the establishment of categories of workers in accordance with tariff and qualification reference books and categories of specialists, as well as compliance with work and rest regimes, labor legislation;
participates in the preparation of the draft collective agreement and monitors the fulfillment of accepted obligations;
keeps records of labor and wage indicators, analyzes them and draws up established reporting;
carries out work on the formation, maintenance and storage of a database on labor and wages, the number of employees, makes changes to reference and regulatory information used in data processing;
participates in the formulation of the economic formulation of problems or their individual stages, solved with the help of computer technology, determines the possibility of using ready-made projects, algorithms and application software packages that allow the creation of economically sound systems for processing information on labor and wages.

Qualification Requirements

Labor economist of category I: higher professional (economic) education and work experience as a labor economist of category II of at least 3 years.

Labor economist of category II: higher professional (economic) education and work experience as a labor economist or other engineering and technical positions filled by specialists with higher professional education, at least 3 years.

Labor economist: higher professional (economic) education without requirements for work experience or secondary vocational education and work experience as a labor technician of category I for at least 3 years or other positions filled by specialists with secondary vocational education for at least 5 years.

Required knowledge

According to the law, here is what a labor economist must know:

resolutions, instructions, orders, other guidance, methodological and regulatory materials on the organization of labor and wages;
labor economics;
economics and organization of production;
the procedure for developing long-term and annual plans for labor and wages, labor productivity, social development of the team, estimates for the use of economic incentive funds;
forms and systems of wages and material incentives;
methods for determining the number of employees;
tariff and qualification reference books of works and professions of workers and qualification characteristics of employee positions;
the procedure for tariffication of work and workers and the establishment of official salaries, additional payments, bonuses and wage coefficients, and calculation of bonuses;
methods of accounting and analysis of labor and wage indicators;
basics of production technology;
the possibility of using computer technology for calculations and accounting of labor and wage indicators, the rules of its operation;
labor legislation;
rules and regulations of labor protection.

I. General provisions

A labor economist belongs to the category of specialists.
For the position:
labor economist of category II - a person with a higher professional (economic) education and work experience as a labor economist or other engineering positions filled by specialists with higher professional education for at least 3 years;
labor economist of category I - a person who has a higher professional (economic) education and work experience as a labor economist of category II for at least 3 years.
Appointment to the position of labor economist and dismissal from it are made by order of the director of the organization on the recommendation of the head of the organization and remuneration department.
A labor economist should know: 4.1. Resolutions, instructions, orders, other guidance, methodological and regulatory materials on the organization of labor and wages.
4.2. Labor economics.
4.3. Economics and organization of production.
4.4. The procedure for developing long-term and annual plans for labor and wages, labor productivity, social development of the team, estimates for the use of economic incentive funds.
4.5. Forms and systems of wages and material incentives.
4.6. Methods for determining the number of employees.
4.7. Tariff and qualification directories of works and professions of workers and qualification characteristics of positions of employees.
4.8. The procedure for tariffication of work and workers and the establishment of official salaries, additional payments, bonuses and wage coefficients, and calculation of bonuses.
4.9. Methods of accounting and analysis of labor and wage indicators.
4.10. Basics of production technology.
4.11. Possibility of using computer technology to carry out calculations and record indicators on labor and wages, rules for its operation.
4.12. Labor legislation.
4.13. Internal labor regulations.
4.14. Labor protection rules and regulations.

A labor economist is guided in his activities by:

5.1. Regulations on the department of organization and remuneration.

5.2. This job description.

The labor economist reports directly to the head of the organization and remuneration department.

During the absence of a labor economist (vacation, illness, business trip, etc.), his duties are performed by a person appointed by order of the director of the enterprise, who acquires the corresponding rights and is responsible for the proper performance of the duties assigned to him.

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Examination of the economist's workplace

SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY OF THE PROJECT

4.2. Examination of the economist's workplace

The workplace of an economist in the financial department of the Tyumen road department was chosen for the examination.

The economist occupies a separate office on the second floor in the administration building of the road department. The economist's office is equipped with air conditioning. The window openings are equipped with plastic windows that are sealed from rain and wind and have good sound insulation. The windows have blinds. At the economist’s workplace there is a single-pedestal table. There are two telephone sets, one for communication with the enterprises of the road department, the other is directly connected with the head of the financial department. The work of an economist is to collect and analyze information from economists and chief accountants of road department enterprises.

The examination includes the following sections:

— production factors that determine sanitary and hygienic conditions;

— fire hazard;

- emergencies.

Dangerous and harmful production factors affecting the economist are divided according to the nature of their action into physically dangerous and harmful production factors and psychophysiological dangerous and harmful production factors.

Physically dangerous and harmful factors affecting a person who works as an economist include: noise, factors characterizing the microclimate, lighting.

4.2.1.Noise

Noise is random sound vibrations of different physical nature, characterized by random changes in amplitude and frequency. Noise interferes with speech perception and work and has harmful effects on the human body. The noise level for highly skilled mental work that requires concentration and labor associated exclusively with conversations via communications should not exceed 55 dB A [8]. There are practically no sources of noise in the economist’s workplace, and people are protected from external sources by soundproof plastic windows, and it follows that the noise level does not exceed that established by GOST.

4.2.2.Factors characterizing the microclimate

These primarily include air temperature, relative air humidity, and air speed.

When working with neuro-emotional stress, the optimal air temperature in the room should be within 22-24 degrees Celsius, its relative humidity should be 40-60%, and the air speed should be no more than 0.1 m/s [9 ]. Based on the fact that the microclimate in the economist’s workplace is controlled by air conditioning, we can come to the conclusion that the factors characterizing the microclimate in this workplace meet the requirements of GOST.

4.2.3.Lighting

Lighting is the creation of a luminous flux falling on the surface of objects, providing the possibility of visual perception of these objects. Lighting is divided into two types: artificial lighting and natural lighting. Artificial lighting is lighting created by lighting devices, which, in particular, include lamps of various types. The use of natural light is possible only during daylight hours, with the exception of cloudy days.

In offices and workrooms, work surfaces should be located at a height of 0.8 m from the floor, the illumination of the working surface should be at least 300 lux, the discomfort index should be 40, the light pulsation coefficient should be 15%, and the natural light coefficient KEO should be 1 [10]. The economist's workplace meets these requirements and is equipped in accordance with SNiP with local plug sockets for table lamps and other lighting devices, as well as fluorescent lamps.

A fluorescent lamp is a low-pressure gas-discharge light source, the luminous flux of which is determined mainly by the glow of phosphors under the influence of ultraviolet radiation from an electrical discharge.

The diagram of their location, as well as the location of window openings, is shown in Figure 17.

4.2.4. Psychophysiological dangerous and harmful factors

Psychophysiological dangerous and harmful factors that affect a person working as an economist include:

- mental stress;

— overvoltage of analyzers;

- monotony of work;

- emotional overload.

Mental overstrain is caused by a large amount of information that needs to be analyzed, and in order to avoid mental overstrain, it is necessary to take short breaks during the working day, lasting no more than 5 minutes.

Analyzers include all sense organs, but when working as an economist, a person only experiences overstrain of the organs of vision and hearing. To avoid this, it is recommended to alternate work that mostly involves straining the organs of hearing (conversations via communications) with work that involves straining the organs of vision (compiling tables with operational information).

Fig. 17. Layout of fluorescent lamps and window openings in the office of the economist of the financial department of the Tyumen road department

The monotony of an economist's work is due to the fact that this work is predominantly sedentary and the working movements that the economist performs are monotonous. To overcome this factor, it is also recommended to take short breaks and try to diversify your work.

Emotional overload in the work of an economist is caused by the specifics of the work. This specificity lies in the fact that the collection of operational information consists of communication via telephone between the economist and the people providing this information. And since various kinds of conflicts may arise during communication, the economist has a feeling of nervousness. These feelings at the end of the working day can lead to emotional overload. To avoid this, it is recommended to avoid conflicts during the working day.

All of the above psychophysiological dangerous and harmful factors have a negative impact on human health, but it is not possible to completely eliminate them in the work of an economist.

4.2.5.Fire hazard

Fire is an uncontrolled combustion process, accompanied by the destruction of material assets and creating a danger to human life. Any fire begins with a fire, and in order to localize the fire during the fire process, when it has not yet caused any tangible harm, a fire alarm is installed at the economist’s workplace; there is a fire hydrant in the corridor.

In the event of a fire, there is a telephone number for calling the fire department written on a poster in the office, and an evacuation plan in the corridor.

In order to reduce the danger to the health and life of people during fires, it is recommended to conduct monthly training on the rules of overcoming burning and heavily smoky rooms.

4.2.6.Emergencies

Emergencies are usually natural disasters.

Natural disasters are natural phenomena that usually occur suddenly; they are of an emergency nature and lead to disruption of normal life, sometimes death of people and destruction of material assets. In relation to Tyumen, the most likely natural disaster is flooding, due to the fact that the Tura River flows through the city. Floods are significant inundations of an area resulting from rising water levels in a river. They are the result of heavy rainfall and intense snow melting. Floods can lead to flooding of populated areas and even death.

The scale and onset of floods caused by spring, summer and autumn floods can be predicted a month or more in advance, and in the event of sudden floods, the population is notified by all available means, including using loud-speaking mobile installations.

Given sufficient time, the population is evacuated from threatening areas, and in the event of a sudden onset of flooding, people must climb to the upper floors of buildings and rooftops.

To prevent flood panic, it is recommended to conduct regular training on emergency procedures.

Thus, after conducting an examination of the workplace of an economist in the financial department of the Tyumen road department, we can conclude that this workplace meets all safety and environmental requirements.

CONCLUSION

Thus, in this thesis project, the author examined the current system of financing railway transport using the example of the Tyumen branch of the road, cited the experience of financing in Germany, and identified directions for improving the current system of financing railway transport.

The author, relying on the Resolution of the Board of the Ministry of Railways “On improving the financial management system of the industry” No. 16 dated 07/05/97, proposes to implement the following measures at the Tyumen branch of the road to improve the financing system:

— maintaining the advance financing limit;

— approval, among others, of plans for income, revenue, current expenses, by sector, plans for capital investments and repair of fixed assets, plans for repayment of accounts payable and receivable.

This will allow you to control financial flows and eliminate thoughtless expenses. But it should also be noted that it is impossible to improve the financing system in a single department. To do this, the entire industry must be reformed, and reform in the industry without improving the legislative framework and without reforming the entire state is simply not feasible.

LIST OF REFERENCES USED

1. Federal Law “On Federal Railway Transport”.

2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 426 of April 28, 1997 “On the main provisions in the spheres of natural monopolies.”

3. Program of the Government of the Russian Federation “Structural restructuring and economic growth in 1997-2000”.

4. Appendix to the order of the Ministry of Economy of Russia No. 118 of October 1, 1997 “Methodological recommendations for the reform of enterprises (organizations).”

5. Resolution of the Board of the Ministry of Railways No. 16 of 07/05/97 “On improving the financial management system of the industry.”

6. Order of the head of the Sverdlovsk Railway No. 1 N dated January 4, 1998 “On improving the technologies of the transportation process in conditions of changing traffic volumes and increasing the efficiency of the financial and economic activities of the road.”

7. Regulations on the relationship between the Tyumen branch of the road and the enterprises included in its composition for 1997, dated March 27, 1997.

8. Instructions for filling out the state statistical reporting form on the state of working conditions, benefits and compensation for work in unfavorable working conditions (form No. 1-t (working conditions)).

9. Instructions for filling out forms for federal state statistical monitoring of injuries at work (form No. 7-injuries and annex to form No. 7-injuries).

10.GOST 12.1.003-83 “Noise. General safety requirements.”

11.GOST 12.1.005-88 “General sanitary and hygienic requirements for air in the working area.”

12.SNiP II-4-79 “Natural and artificial lighting”

13. Results of the work of the Tyumen road department for 1997 and tasks for 1998.

14. Report on the production and financial activities of the Tyumen branch of the road for 1997.

15. Temporary methodology for automated analysis of economic activity of railways. – M., 1995.-108 p.

16. Methodological recommendations for the use of the chart of accounts for accounting the main activities of railways. – M.: ZAO “MVP Insoft”, 1997.-448 p.

17. Nomenclature of expenses for the main activities of railways. – M.: Transport, 1986.-128 p.

18. Analysis of the production and financial activities of the railway: Textbook for universities. / V.G. Gizatullina, O.I. Pustokhod, O.G. Bychenko, I.G. Boyko. – Mn.: Higher School, 1989.-141 p.

19. Analysis of the economic activities of railway transport enterprises: Textbook for technical schools of railway transport. / N.Ya.Klesch, M.M.Tolkacheva, I.S.Lysenko, S.A.Nikulin; Ed. N.Ya.Kleshcha. – M.: Transport, 1987.-232 p.

20.Belov I.V., Persianov V.A. Economic theory of transport in the USSR: Historical experience, modern problems and solutions, a look into the future. – M.: Transport, 1993.-415 p.

21. Bondarenko V.O. Handbook of engineer-economist of railway transport. – K.: Technology, 1987.-191 p.

22.Vinichenko N.G. Financing and lending to railways: Textbook for technical schools of railway transport. –7th ed., revised. and additional – M.: Transport, 1987.-224 p.

23. Kolesnikov B.I. Socio-economic strategy in railway transport in modern conditions. – “SV – 96”, 1997. – 174 p.

24.Marketing and competitiveness of railway transport in freight traffic / A.S.Misharin, V.M.Samuilov, M.B.Petrov, T.N.Fedotova. - UrGAPS, 1998.- 44 p.

25. Restructuring the economic mechanism in railway transport: A short reference book. – M.: Transport, 1989.-127 p.

26. Samsonov N.F. Transport finance: Textbook for universities on special topics. “Organization of transport management.” – M.: Higher School, 1986.-304 p.

27.Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. – M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987.-1599 p.

28.Transport tariffs: Textbook for universities of railway transport./ A.P.Abramov, V.A.Dmitriev, A.V.Kreinin, L.A.Mazo. Ed. V.A. Dmitrieva. – M.: Transport, 1988.-232 p.

29.Financial and economic dictionary. / Ed. M.G. Nazarova. - M.: JSC “Finstatinform”, 1995.-224 p.

30. Economics of railway transport: Textbook for universities / I.V. Belov, V.G. Galaburda, V.F. Danilin and others; Ed. I.V. Belova. - M.: Transport, 1989.-351 p.

31. Economics of railway transport: Textbook for universities of railway transport./ V.A. Dmitriev, A.I. Zhuravel, A.D. Shishkov and others; Ed. V.A.Dmitrieva - M.: Transport, 1996.-328 p.

32.Economic reference book for railway workers. A.P.Abramov, M.G.Akhsharumova, N.N.Barkov and others. Ed. Shafirkina – 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Transport, 1978.-398 p.

33.Eskina A.I. Self-financing: indicators and standards. – M.: Finance and Statistics, 1990.-112 p.

34.Kovalev A. Effectively manage finances. From the speech of the First Deputy Minister of Railways at the expanded board of the Ministry of Railways / “Gudok”. – 1997 – July 12.

35.Diederich, H., Allgemeinene Betriebswirtschaftslehre, 6. Aufl., Stuttgart – Berlin – Koln 1992.

SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY OF THE PROJECT

Information about the work “Financing railway transport using the example of the Tyumen branch of the road”

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Authority

The economist must communicate closely with the company's management, proposing the most profitable solutions to optimize the operation of the enterprise and generate income. The specialist has the right to review the company’s design solutions, various documentation and, based on the analysis, report to management about detected shortcomings and opportunities for eliminating them.

Communicate with structural units and request information from them within the limits of their competence. Act according to your competence.