General provisions for determining special insurance length of service in the labor activity of citizens

Types of special training

1. Special professional experience - applies to special types of professional activity, includes experience in a branch of the national economy, in a specialty, in a specific position.
2. Length of service.
3. Social – used for persons performing social and economic tasks that are important for the state and society (raising five or more children, disabled children, working in remote areas, in territories exposed to radioactive contamination), who need additional social protection.

Work experience in a specialty is the duration of work in accordance with the qualification obtained, which is confirmed by a diploma, certificate, certificate.

Special insurance experience

The concept of “ special work experience ” was replaced by the concept of “special insurance experience” with the introduction of new pension legislation in Russia. This:

• Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” dated December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ, which came into force in 2002;
• Law “On Insurance Pensions” dated December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ, entered into force in 2020.

The main feature of the general insurance period and, accordingly, the special insurance period is that it is linked to the payment of insurance contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Although this has not changed the essence: special insurance experience is still associated with periods of work and can rightly be called special work experience .

The current pension legislation does not contain the terms “ special work experience ” or “special insurance experience”. In relation to the semantic load of these concepts, both of the above-mentioned laws highlight articles devoted to the continued right to early assignment of a pension. The lists of types of special working conditions in these laws are the same, but a later document is supplemented with questions regarding the application of the right to early retirement when taking into account periods of special work experience formed before the law came into force.

Lists of professions, industries and works for which a preferential pension is awarded

Approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 10 dated January 26, 1991. Usually these are production facilities of categories I and II of negative impact on the environment (Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 1029 of September 28, 2015).

The lists indicate those employed in production, for example:

• explosives, gunpowder, and ammunition supplies;
• building materials;
• refractories;
• hardware;
• glass, porcelain and earthenware;
• chemical;
• pulp and paper;
• dinas products;
• electrical engineering, electronic equipment and equipment, their repair;
• underground and mining works;
• at power plants, power trains, in the electric power industry;
• in healthcare and social welfare institutions;
• in transport and communications
• in construction and renovation of buildings;
• in the light and food industries;
• in nuclear energy and industry;
• on others.

Working conditions in such industries are associated with increased harmfulness, severity or danger. Harmfulness can be caused by an increased content of dust, gas, harmful substances in the air, exceeding normal levels of noise, vibration, radiation, humidity, high or low temperatures, and insufficient lighting. Working in such conditions can cause occupational disease, lead to industrial injury, complete or partial loss of ability to work.

Retirement due to harmfulness

According to list 1, persons working in hazardous or hazardous industries are released early; according to list 2, those working in heavy ones. The pension is established taking into account the special length of service.

What does experience give?

Work experience, first of all, is necessary for calculating a pension to an employee. Not so long ago, its size and the worker’s retirement age completely depended on the duration and type of work experience. In recent years, in connection with the implementation of pension reform, the main factor influencing the size of the pension has become not the length of service, but the insurance period.

The insurance period begins to count from the moment a citizen concludes a pension insurance contract. A special personal account is opened for the insured citizen, to which the employer makes monthly contributions. Based on the amount accumulated by the time of retirement, the size of the basic pension paid to a person by the state will be calculated.

However, the length of work experience still continues to play a certain role in the calculation of pension payments. Let's consider what advantages this or that type of experience gives a person.

Length of service for pension purposes

Gives the right to early retirement without taking into account the citizen’s age if he retires from service for which a long-service pension is awarded.

In accordance with the law of December 15, 2002 No. 166-FZ, the Law of the Russian Federation of February 12, 1993 No. 4468-1, the Government Decree of the Russian Federation of October 29, 2002 No. 781, the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ, the following have the right:

• rescuers;
• state and municipal employees;
• military personnel, employees of the FSB, Ministry of Internal Affairs, intelligence, penal authorities, drug control;
• cosmonauts and flight test personnel;
• working in education and medicine;
• working in theaters and entertainment organizations;
• employees of the sea or river fleet.

There are several conditions for appointment:

• a citizen must work in a certain field;
• you need to work for a certain number of years;
• The citizen must end his working career with dismissal.

The required length of service depends on the profession, gender, and position.

Today, state and municipal employees require a service life of 16 years. The figure is gradually being raised: in 2026 it will reach 20 years. The retirement age is also increased by six months per year until it reaches 65 in 2026 for men, 63 for women in 2032.

Leaving service must be due to the following reasons:

• reached retirement age;
• the age limit established for the position has been reached;
• ill health;
• staff reduction.

Pensions are assigned to military personnel, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the penitentiary system:

• with service of 20 years or more;
• if the total length of service is 25 years or more, and the length of service is completed by half or more, the age is 45 years and the citizen is dismissed due to reaching the age limit of the awarded title, ongoing organizational measures or for health reasons.

Experience by profile

For some categories of workers, in order to obtain the right to early retirement, length of service is important; what is it? This is the duration of work in a certain field of human activity. This preferential length of service is important for medical workers and teachers.

What does medical experience give?

Medical workers have the concept of “medical experience”; it involves working in the field of providing medical services.

Those working in medicine have the right to a pension if they work in their field (subclause 20 of clause 1 of the Federal Law of December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ):

• 30 years – with mixed experience, in rural and urban areas or only in urban areas;
• 25 – in the countryside.

Age is not important in this case.

In this case, the work time is counted (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 29, 2002):

• in calendar order;
• a year of work in rural areas or urban settlements is counted as 1.25 years;
• for certain categories, the working year is counted as one and a half.

Teaching experience

Workers have the right to a pension if they have worked in their field for at least 25 years (Government Decree No. 781).

Social experience

Examples.

Who can apply for special work experience

Professions included in the special professional experience include work with dangerous and harmful working conditions, work underground and in hot shops, some territorial restrictions are important (the Far North, radioactive zones, rural areas), etc.

For each type of such activity, lists of professions that can be included in special professional experience are legislatively approved.

The table shows some features for each type of special experience.

Let’s talk separately about territorial advantages when taking into account special experience. Work in some northern regions of the country is included in the list of preferential activities for early old-age pension. Work there is called the conditions of the Far North; some territories are equivalent to such conditions. Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 1029 back in 1967 listed the territories that fit these definitions. The same preferential benefits apply to regions with radioactive contamination zones.

To receive a preferential pension, you need to work for 15 years in the north or 20 years in an area equivalent to the definition of the Far North.

At the same time, the total insurance period for men must be at least 25 years and 20 years for women.

What is included in special experience?

The duration is calculated as follows. The calculation takes into account the intervals of work performed during the day. Intervals are counted in calendar order. The time when the citizen received temporary disability benefits, annual and additional vacations is included.

Periods excluded:

• absenteeism due to the employee's fault;
• the employee has not passed the labor safety knowledge test;
• suspended from work due to health reasons;
• the employee did not undergo a mandatory medical examination;
• removal at the request of officials;
• simple.

The calculation rules were introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1015 of October 2, 2014: 30 work shifts are accepted per month, 12 months per year.

How is it calculated?

The calculation rules were approved by Decree of the Russian Federation No. 665 of July 16, 2014. Only periods of performing a labor function during a full working day in calendar order are counted.

Ivan Petrovich Sidorov worked as an investigator from January 10, 1996 to January 10, 2007 in the internal affairs bodies, and from January 1, 2008 to January 10, 2020 in the Federal Security Service. Thus, service in the Department of Internal Affairs amounted to 11 years, in the FSB - 9 years and 10 days. The length of service is 20 years and 10 days.