How do the concepts of “administrative and managerial activities” relate to management activities?

The essence of the concept

Today it is customary to distinguish the following 2 areas of administrative management:

• building an organizational structure,

• creating a rational system with which to manage an organization.

You might be interested in: Mission and vision of the organization. Strategic management

Among the distinctive features the following should be noted:

• hierarchy,

• frequent use of linear-functional and linear management structure,

• separation of powers

• the most precise division of powers for each position,

• application of formalized methods for making management decisions.

The administrative type of management is actively used in government management. In this connection, it would be logical to note the concept of public administration, which is a special type of government activity aimed at managing the affairs of the state. Within its framework, executive power receives almost full implementation. Among the distinctive features of this type of management it is worth highlighting:

• operational and continuous nature of activities,

• performing special functions that require a certain uniform technology,

• staff consisting of professionals,

• introduction of functional and legal regimes,

• the use of measures related to administrative liability,

• the functioning of the management apparatus, which is built in a hierarchical order.

You may be interested in:Modern approaches to management. Characteristic features of modern management

In corporate governance, the value of the presented type of management is also undeniable. The reason for this lies in the fact that with its help an administrative resource is used, which provides the opportunity for a particular official to achieve various goals thanks to the powers officially granted to him.

Today, the training of specialists under a program called “Master of Business Administration” has become extremely widespread. Such specialists are truly in demand as senior managers in many companies.

The concept of administrative type of management in the classical theory of organization and management

You may be interested in: RET delivery type: features and differences from OEM supplies

Three main areas of classical management:

• Scientific management. It focuses on the scientific basis for organizing production. Mostly industrial management is taught. Rationality is very valuable in this area. Founded by F. W. Taylor, F. Gilbert and G. Gant.
• Classic administrative management. Primary attention was paid to the organization as a complete organism. The main functions are organization, planning, control, coordination and chain of command. A. Fayol and M. P. Fayolet became the founders of this area.
• Bureaucratic organizations concept. Its founder was M. Weber. Based on a precise definition of job responsibilities, as well as areas of responsibility of employees. There is a clear distinction between management and ownership. Management is built exclusively on an impersonal basis, headed by rationality. Requires formal reporting.

Many years of research have led to the realization that normal operation of a company is impossible without effective management. This was precisely the main prerequisite for the formation of the first ideas about the concept of management.

Stages of formation of management schools

The first school of classical management is considered to be scientific, the founder of which was Frederick Taylor. His main idea is that management should become a system based on scientific principles. Moreover, it must be carried out using measures and methods specially developed for this purpose. The essence of the theory is that not only production technology, but also labor needs constant standardization and design. A large amount of time should be devoted to the organization and management of work. At the same time, it is imperative to improve the remuneration system. It is noteworthy that when Taylor’s ideas were applied in practice, it was possible to prove their importance, because labor productivity showed a significant increase.

The subsequent evolution of the views of scientists was determined by the active development of industry. Henri Fayol, an outstanding French engineer, continued to popularize Taylor's ideas. It was he who proposed to formalize the description of the work of management at enterprises, highlighting their characteristic functions and activities. This is where the classical administrative school of management originates. Fayol first formulated the basic principles of management. They should guide top managers when solving management problems, as well as performing the functions of a manager.

The great contribution of the administrative school of management is that it views management as a universal process that consists of a whole list of functions that are interrelated. It was in it that the theory of enterprise management was formulated.

Peculiarities of labor regulation of administrative personnel

The administrative category of employees does not provide direct economic benefits to the enterprise. Therefore, the employer should take into account the peculiarities of labor regulation in this category.

An employer should consider the following aspects for its activities:

• to motivate employees, a piecework wage mechanism is used, or the salary depends on the employee’s usefulness for the enterprise;
• administrative personnel must have certain rights and the ability to fully exercise their powers;
• Before hiring employees, you should soberly assess the volume of future tasks facing the administrative category. The staff in this category should not be higher than 40% of the total composition of the organization.

Basic principles of management

The principles formulated by Fayol for building the structure of an organization, as well as production management, are still relevant today. Because of this, the school of administration is often called classical.

The main essence of management principles according to the administrative school of management:

You may be interested in:How to use a cash register and how to choose one

Which personnel are classified as administrative and technical?

What age restrictions exist for assignment to electrical safety group III?

Who has the right to service electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V?

What should be the verification period for a current transformer built into power equipment?

In which circuits is voltage measured?

When are extraordinary measurements of the resistance of lightning protection devices carried out?

What color should exposed grounding conductors be painted?

What background should the warning sign “Caution! Electric voltage”, which is applied using a stencil to a reinforced concrete overhead line support?

TICKET 12

How are electrical installations divided according to electrical safety conditions?

What rooms are called damp?

What frequency of training should an employer provide for staff?

How long should electrical engineering personnel undergo on-the-job training before being assigned to independent work?

How often should the electrical circuits of electrical installations be checked for compliance with actual operational ones?

How is electricity metered during the repair of electricity metering devices?

What megohmmeter is used to measure insulation resistance when testing circuits with voltages from 500 to 1000 V?

When should protection against indirect contact be performed?

What is the frequency of visual inspection of the visible part of the grounding device?

How can you determine that electrical protective equipment has passed performance tests and is suitable for use?

TICKET 13

⇐ Previous5Next ⇒


Management control

The principles of administrative management call control one of the most important management functions. Experts say that without it it is impossible to implement any management functions within the organization.

Experts are unanimous that the main content of management control is as follows:

• Analysis of the reasons why current activities deviate from planned behavior. At this stage, it is possible to identify likely trends in the company's development.

• Development of activities that are necessary in order to achieve the intended goals. This is where specific management decisions must be made.

• Creation of a reporting system in the company, which will be used both in its branches and subsidiaries. Mandatory reporting on the results of the work of the entire company, as well as each of its individual divisions.

The concept of the form of management actions

The form of management is the external expression of the content of management, the limits of specific management actions carried out directly by state bodies and local governments. The form of management is a certain part of the management activities of the body, its structural divisions and officials. Each form of management involves the performance by specific subjects of certain actions, which in a specific way reveal the content of management activities, the management impact itself.

The form of management may have legal content, that is, it may be established by a regulatory legal act. This form of management is called legal. In some cases, forms of management are not established normatively and, therefore, they cannot be considered legal forms of management.

The legal form of management is an outwardly expressed and legally formalized action of a public authority (or official), carried out within its competence and causing certain legal consequences. The form of management is the external expression of the practical implementation of management functions and methods, the management influence itself, specific actions carried out in the process of exercising executive power and administrative activities.

The use of various forms and methods of management within the framework of management activities is determined by the goals, objectives and functions of public administration, which were discussed in the first part of the administrative law training course. Management forms are designed to ensure the most appropriate performance of management functions and achievement of management goals with the least expenditure of effort, money and time; The success of management activities depends on the forms of management.

Management activities of state bodies and local governments (state and municipal employees, officials) are carried out in certain forms, each of which is determined by specific tasks and functions of management and has a special content. Any management activity is characterized by its own content, that is, specific connections, principles, processes, participants and elements; Every content of control has a specific form of its external expression.

The main concepts that allow us to consider the term “form of management” are “management goals”, “management functions”, “management tasks”, “powers”, “competence”. These concepts also determine the choice of management methods (methods of managerial influence of the subject of management on the objects of management) in a specific management situation. Management functions determine the main content of management activities. All forms of management used by management subjects are subordinated to management goals. Through forms of management, governing bodies exercise their powers corresponding to the competence of these bodies established in the normative act. The form of management is a means of implementing management functions to achieve management goals.

Thus, the content of the management process is revealed by the concepts of management functions, management methods and forms of management. Management theory is based on these main categories. Management practice is directly dependent on the development of these concepts.

Forms of management differ from the forms of activity of other branches of government, that is, from the forms of lawmaking (legislation) and justice. Forms of management provide the opportunity to implement management functions and activities in almost all areas and branches of management, in all spheres of state and public life.

In the specialized literature of the 90s. Instead of the term “form of government”, the concept “form of exercising executive power” was used, since the Constitution of the Russian Federation and many laws do not operate with the concept of “public administration”. The difference in this case is not fundamental, however, since in administrative law the term “management” (state or public) is key, then accordingly one should adhere to it, i.e., talk about forms of management or public management (public management). In the administrative-legal literature, this institution is traditionally designated by the term “forms of government”; Sometimes other names are also found, for example, “forms of activity of state administration.” In this chapter, devoted to the analysis of the institution of forms of implementation of management activities, the term “forms of management actions” is used, which, in our opinion, allows us to convey the “active”, active and creative principle and substantive features of the institution of public administration, of any state-authoritative management activity.

In Western European administrative-legal literature, several types of forms of public administration (forms of implementation of management actions) are considered. For example, German scientists identify the following forms of management:

1. lawmaking (decrees, charters, administrative regulations);
2. administrative acts;
3. public law contracts;
4. simple administrative action;
5. private legal administrative activities (for example, provision of subsidies).

German scientists analyze numerous types of management decisions and especially point out the high importance of planning in the process of implementing public administration.

State administrative department

In accordance with social and administrative management, the following division of employees is accepted:

• Government service. This group traditionally includes senior officials who have reached their positions thanks to many years of merit. Tenure in office is directly related to the length of time the political leader they support has been at the helm of government.

• Public service. This includes professional employees who hold their positions on a permanent basis. Changes in government leadership cannot be a reason for removing such employees from work.

This division in the administrative-public administration system was proposed by Anglo-American scientists.

The organization of administrative management at the state level assumes that the sphere of influence of managers includes state organizations and bodies, state property. And they can also influence public property, which concerns spiritual, cultural and socio-economic development, as well as ensuring the freedom of citizens, etc.

Many scientific works consider public administration in a fairly broad sense, where it covers 3 branches of government:

• executive,
• judicial,
• legislative

In a narrow sense, it applies only to the executive branch.

But it is important to note that without the management process, none of the above branches of government can function. Thus, in legislative activity, the essence of the concept of management lies in the ability to ensure targeted and consistent lawmaking.

Management effectiveness assessment

Measuring the effectiveness of administration is mandatory. The administrative school of management suggests that it is necessary to correlate the result of management activities with the cost of resources that were spent on its achievement. The effectiveness of managers is influenced by many factors, which are organized in two main groups.

The first group, according to administrative theories of management, includes the following factors:

• Management capabilities of the company (all resources that the organization has at its disposal are taken into account here).

• Costs of operating and maintaining management systems.

• A set of different types of benefits (social, economic and others) received by an organization when conducting management activities.

Administrative management includes in the second group a whole list of minor factors, including:

• Qualification level of performers and workers.

• Organizational culture.

• Working conditions.

• The degree to which managers are provided with the support tools they need.

The final results of the organization's work directly depend on overall indicators. And the second group of factors characterizes the efficiency with which certain types of resources are used. When assessing the effectiveness of administration, indicators of profitability and profit are necessarily used.

Specifications for an administrative management system

The administrative school of management suggests that before introducing administrative control, it is imperative to resolve the basic issues with the business. This means that the types of services or products that it can offer to the consumer and which are in demand must be known.

The organization of administrative management is impossible if the products are unprofitable. At a minimum, this condition must be met theoretically. The cost of production and the level of wages do not matter.

A prerequisite for personnel administration is that wages must be paid regularly. The theoretical possibility of payment should exist even if there are actual delays.

Management must take as a basis the ideology according to which the economic effect can be obtained not by saving on wages to employees. You can increase it in other ways. For example, thanks to the elimination of non-productive time, as well as by increasing the productivity of the use of working space and equipment, reducing the number of defects, etc.

The enterprise must have working capital, as well as the ability to replenish it in a timely manner. The administrative school of management in management notes that it is impossible to achieve a good result if there are only debts.

Choosing the optimal company management structure

The organizational structure of management is an integral set of subject and object of management, which are interconnected by strong information links. It is in it that it is possible to reflect the scheme of the organization’s existing management system.

You may be interested in: What kind of business is profitable to do during a crisis?

Types of organizational structures can be divided into the following main groups:

• organic (also called adaptive),

• bureaucratic (they are also traditional).

The normative model of rational type bureaucracy has the following conceptual provisions:

Tasks of administrative and technical personnel in electrical safety and other areas

The main tasks of administrative and technical personnel are most easily reflected in the main functions of these employees, which include:

• Managerial. This function implies that administrative and technical personnel have the opportunity and corresponding rights and responsibilities to manage subordinates with the most accurate professional understanding of the principles of their work.
• Controlling. It is the administrative and technical personnel who are responsible for the work of all subordinates, and also monitor the effectiveness of the activities of engineering and technical personnel and their compliance with labor protection requirements.
• Permissive. It is the administrative and technical personnel for electrical safety who issue orders and permits to carry out electrical work to lower-level personnel. In other areas of activity, the employer or legislation may also require these employees to complete certain documentation.
• Procedural. In cases regulated by law, administrative and technical personnel also fulfill certain mandatory requirements, for example, carrying out control, inventory, and issuing documents to employees.

Administration methods

An important place in the management system is given to administrative management methods. They are designed to:

• control the work with personnel, as well as the implementation of decisions that were made;

• ensure the efficiency and organizational clarity of the management apparatus;

• guarantee the maintenance of the work schedule required by the enterprise, as well as the implementation of decisions, orders and resolutions of management.

Administrative management methods are directive in nature, thanks to which it is possible to obtain an unambiguous solution to the problem and guarantee a direct impact on the behavior of the management object.

These methods are collected into a system of techniques and methods that can be used to ensure targeted, coordinated, effective and systematic operation of both managed and control systems. The development of administrative management is impossible without the use of these methods.