What is meant by an acute occupational disease and how is it investigated?

Let's first understand what is meant by an occupational disease. The official definition is: “ Occupational disease

“is a chronic or acute disease, the cause of which was prolonged exposure of the employee to harmful production factors.” It should not be confused with an industrial accident; this is a completely different category.

Workers in various fields are susceptible to occupational diseases, not only in Russia, but in all countries of the world. And if the laws of other countries somehow guarantee a special approach to workers who have acquired certain ailments precisely as a result of their professional activities, then in our country it is necessary to obtain official confirmation of an occupational disease

extremely difficult.

Although, of course, certain norms also exist in our country. The registration procedure is also clearly spelled out, which, as usual, takes a lot of time and encounters many obstacles along the way. However, this does not mean that you should waive your rights to government support in this case.

Types of occupational diseases

Occupational diseases are divided into two main types: acute and chronic. Acute occupational diseases

imply an illness resulting from a short (within no more than one working or working day) exposure to toxic substances or harmful factors.

If some factor was exposed for a long time, its effect accumulated over a long period of time, and here we speak of a chronic occupational disease.

The type of occupational disease is necessarily taken into account when diagnosing “occupational diseases” and assigning one-time and permanent compensation and benefits.

Investigation of occupational diseases at the enterprise

The investigation of occupational diseases is regulated by Government Decree No. 967 (dated December 15, 2000). Which institution establishes a preliminary diagnosis of an occupational disease? The law allocates two weeks for the formation of a sanitary and hygienic characteristic (SHC) for a chronic disease. Within a month, the victim is given a final diagnosis, which must be submitted no later than three days:

employer;
FSS;
Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Center (TSGSEN);
medical institution.

Rospotrebnadzor expert prepares SGH

The employer creates an investigation commission within two weeks, which includes:

a lawyer or directly the head of the enterprise;
representative of the labor protection department;
members of the trade union committee;
enterprise health worker.

Based on the results of the work, within three days, the commission draws up a report, five copies of which are sent to the authorities listed above. The document must reflect information about the degree of guilt of the employee (up to 25%).

Important! The act and all related documents are stored at the enterprise for 75 years. In case of liquidation of a legal entity, the case is transferred to the Center for Sanitary and Social Security.

Who heads the commission to investigate occupational diseases

The investigation and recording of occupational diseases is regulated by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 967 of December 15, 2000. According to the provisions of the document, the created commission is headed by the head physician of the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. As its chairman, he oversees the enterprise with a registered case of PD.

List of occupational diseases

You may be surprised, but some diseases that are actually characteristic of this or that type of activity are simply not on the official list in our country. However, something still remains.

List of occupational diseases

is divided into 7 main groups, which include occupational ailments, and is listed as follows.

1. Diseases that are caused by acute exposure to chemical factors. This item includes chronic poisoning and its consequences, alone or in combination with other lesions: anemia, nephropathy, hepatitis, damage to the eyes, bones, nervous system, and respiratory organs of a toxic nature. This also includes skin diseases, metal fever, and occupational vitiligo.

2. Diseases caused by exposure to industrial aerosols. This includes various pneumoconiosis, occupational bronchitis, byssinosis, pulmonary emphysema, and degenerative changes in the upper respiratory tract.

3. Diseases resulting from exposure to physical factors. Topping the list are radiation sickness and radiation injuries in acute and chronic stages, disorders of the vegetative-vascular system, and angioneurosis. This also includes electroophthalmia, vibration disease, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts, decompression sickness, overheating, mechanical epidermoses, burns and damage from laser radiation.

4. Diseases resulting from physical overload and individual overstrain of body systems and organs. This list includes: focal neuroses, poly- and mononeuropathies, radiculopathy of the cervicobrachial and lumbosacral regions, chronic myofibrosis of the shoulder and forearm, tendovaginitis, periarthrosis, varicose veins, neuroses and many other diseases, including some female genital disorders spheres.

6. Allergic diseases. This includes rhinitis, bronchitis and other manifestations that arise as a result of necessary contact with substances and compounds containing.

7. Malignant neoplasms (cancer). These are tumors of the liver, skin, urinary tract, leukemia, cancer, tumors of the mouth and respiratory organs, bones, caused by exposure to harmful substances present in the workplace.

This is not a complete list of occupational diseases

, but only general concepts. Whether the illness is classified as an occupational disease is ultimately decided by specialists who also preliminarily examine working conditions, get acquainted with the results of annual scheduled examinations (medical examinations), and find out what harmful factors you might have been exposed to at work.

In conclusion, I would like to say that, judging by official statistics, about 5–6 cases of occupational diseases are registered annually in Russia per hundred thousand people per year. This figure is 6–10 times lower than in Europe and America. But, as you understand, this is by no means an indicator of well-being, but simply a consequence of imperfect legislation and procedure.

Currently, work is underway on a new list of occupational diseases

, and I would like to hope that this will be a more complete list of ailments that arise among citizens as a result of labor “for the good of the Motherland.”

Alexandra Panyutina Women's magazine JustLady

Any monotonous activity or specific profession is associated with a certain risk of undermining one’s own health. Occupational diseases are inherent in almost any enterprise or institution, and the degree of morbidity largely depends on the level of preparedness of a person for his position and for his workplace. Compliance with labor protection and safety requirements is also of great importance.

There was even a study conducted on this matter, which showed that up to 15% of porn stars suffer from chlamydia, and 5% suffer from gonorrhea. Among women participating in the filming of porn films, more than 70% have some kind of sexually transmitted diseases. By the way, a person who has had a similar disease runs the risk of getting sick again in 26% of cases.

In addition to the listed pathologies, porn stars, like other people, are susceptible to diseases such as viral infections, laryngitis, colds, etc.

Occupational diseases of pianists

Musicians who play keyboard instruments most often experience hand diseases - inflammation of the muscles, joint capsules, tendons, joints, etc. Such pathologies are accompanied by pain and limit the ability to play music.

If we list all the most common diseases of pianists, the list will look something like this:

diseases of the upper extremities and shoulder girdle (epicondylitis, legamentitis, bursitis, myositis, tendovaginitis, arthritis, arthrosis);
diseases of the spinal column (osteochondrosis, scoliosis).

However, most often pianists suffer from dyskinesia. This is a pathology, which is otherwise called “coordination neurosis” - a disorder of motor coordination, combined with a slowdown in the muscle response to stimulation, or with muscle spasm.

Occupational diseases of guitarists

Professional guitar playing involves increased stress on the wrist and hand. This can provoke the development of certain pathologies that negatively affect the function and mobility of the limb.

Occupational diseases of guitarists include:

osteochondropathy of the wrist joint is aseptic necrosis of a bone element that occurs due to constant load;
deforming arthrosis is wear and tear of the joint;
ligamentitis of the annular ligaments of the fingers is a lesion of the tendons and ligaments, leading to dysfunction of the fingers;
bursitis is an inflammatory process in the joint capsule associated with impaired lubrication production;

Dupuytren's contracture is a scar transformation and shortening of the palmar tendons, palmar fibromatosis;
hygroma is an accumulation of serous fluid in the synovial bursa;
neuritis is an inflammation of the nerve fibers of a limb;
disturbances in vascular tone of the extremities.

Occupational diseases of firefighters

The profession of a firefighter always involves danger and risk, including the risk of developing occupational diseases. A number of factors directly influence the health of a firefighter:

increased likelihood of danger, which entails neuropsychic disorders;
work at elevated temperatures;
risk of body poisoning.

External tissue damage, burns, electrical injuries, carbon monoxide poisoning - this is not a complete list of pathologies inherent to firefighters. With age, this can lead to the development of serious and large-scale diseases:

cancer of the lungs and other organs;
cardiac ischemia;
aortic aneurysm;
pulmonary pathologies (due to inhalation of harmful chemical compounds and hot air).

Many firefighters also have psychological problems that develop as a result of frequent stress. These could be depression, neuropathies, etc.

Occupational diseases of car painters

Most occupational diseases of car painters are explained by constant contact with chemical dyes, adhesives, putties, etc., as well as stress on the upper limbs and back.

Diseases of the upper extremities are most often represented by epicondylitis - an inflammatory process in the elbow tendons.

Chemical components of paints, leveling mixtures and solvents can lead to serious intoxication of the body. With prolonged and constant use of chemicals, they can accumulate in tissues and organs, which can subsequently lead to cancer, dermatological problems, ulcers and damage to the respiratory system.

The most common diseases encountered by car painters are:

bronchitis and bronchial asthma;
conjunctivitis;
allergic reactions;
contact dermatitis;
epidermitis;
eczema;
cancerous tumors.

Sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions

In 2008, instructions were developed and put into effect on the collection of information characterizing working conditions according to sanitary and hygienic criteria. Compilation is carried out by Rospotrebnadzor. To issue a reference, you need to request data from the organization.

After the employee has passed the MSEC. If the enterprise was liquidated for some reason, then information about it can be obtained from other documents that stipulated the impact of harmful factors during the period of work. This can be a copy of sheets from the work book, notarized, as well as training logs, various extracts and copies.

To prove that the cause of the occurrence was hazardous factors and working conditions that do not comply with standard indicators, the following information is presented in the sample characteristics:

About harmful factors for this industry affiliation

About the appropriate work schedule

About the concentration level of harmful substances

If it is not possible to obtain conclusions on research from expert laboratories, then Rospotrebnadzor independently performs laboratory tests. The results obtained are applied to research. The PPE and RPE used are documented. In order to correctly draw up the document, it is necessary to obtain an explanation from the person who received the occupational disease.

Diagnosis of occupational diseases

To correctly diagnose occupational diseases, doctors follow the following technology:

When interviewing a patient, it is necessary to clarify the details of his professional activity: the presence of harmful conditions, the degree of likelihood of injury, etc.
It is important to collect thorough information about the patient’s sanitary and other working conditions, evaluate it objectively and record it in the medical history.
It is imperative to conduct research:
- instrumental diagnostics - X-ray examination, ultrasound, MRI, abdominal imaging, etc., depending on the suspected disease;

For the treatment of occupational diseases, depending on the indications, medications such as antibiotics, sulfonamides, glucocorticoid hormones, bronchodilators, cardiac and other drugs can be used. For chronic poisoning with metal compounds (lead, mercury, etc.), antidote therapy is prescribed using complex agents - succimer, penicillamine, pentacin. The use of antidotes accelerates the removal of metals from the body.

In diseases of the nervous system, the emphasis is on improving blood circulation in the vessels of the brain and activating metabolic processes. Preferably vitamin, vegetotropic and nootropic drugs are prescribed.

For diseases caused by previous injuries, manual therapy, exercise therapy, reflexology, ultrasound, hydro- and electrotherapy, balneotherapy, traction, and paraffin baths are successfully used. At the same time, it is recommended to balance your diet and get more rest.

Often, for chronic injuries and impaired joint function, surgical treatment is used:

osteotomy - an operation to eliminate deformity and improve the performance of the musculoskeletal system;
endoprosthetics – complete or partial replacement of a joint with implants;
tendon repair and synovectomy.

The question of the need for surgery is decided on an individual basis, since in some cases, after surgical treatment, the patient needs to undergo extensive rehabilitation. Often there is a need to transfer the patient to another place of work, where there will be no current occupational hazards.

Homeopathy for occupational diseases

Homeopathic remedies often help restore the body's immunity without the use of chemicals. Homeopathy involves the use of only natural ingredients in preparations.

Taking homeopathic remedies allows you to balance all functions in the body, including those that are related to the development of occupational diseases. There are virtually no side effects or contraindications.

For the general strengthening of the body and to combat diseases, means of both domestic and foreign production are actively prescribed:

Digitalis plus;

Venum;

Heel;

Edas;

Bronze Horseman;

Lomopsoriasis, etc.

Traditional treatment of occupational diseases

Is it possible to protect yourself from occupational diseases using traditional methods? Indeed, there are many effective recipes that allow you to cleanse the body of harmful toxic substances, strengthen the immune system and eliminate the negative influence of external factors. For example, you can use herbal treatment, which is presented in the following recipes:

Mix 50 g of pomegranate color, the same amount of blackhead and pour everything with a glass of water. Boil and leave for 10 minutes. Filter. Add 50 ml of cognac to the cooled infusion and stir. Take a tablespoon in the morning.
Drink 100 ml of soybean decoction per day.
Drink chicory and motherwort tea three times a day, 1 hour after meals.
Drink milk with ground garlic added to it at night, 150-200 ml.
Mix 20 g of aloe pulp, 30 g of badger fat, 5 ml of cognac and 10 g of cocoa powder. Take 1 tablespoon daily with warm water.
Prepare an infusion of 50 g of coltsfoot, 40 g of plantain and 50 g of knotweed (per 400 ml of water). Drink 150 ml 1 hour before each meal.

If occupational diseases are complicated by other pathologies or become chronic, then other folk recipes are used aimed at eliminating a specific disease.

Prevention

Measures to prevent occupational diseases must be observed at any enterprise. Such activities should be aimed at:

improving the socio-economic situation of able-bodied people;
establishing acceptable wages;
strengthening social protection of workers;
improvement of health protection measures, minimization of harmful and dangerous working conditions;
increasing the social responsibility of employers, involving them in improving working conditions and ensuring the health of workers;
providing timely medical care upon request.

In turn, taking into account his professional activity, any person must be attentive to his health and regularly undergo preventive medical examinations and examinations. The prognosis of occupational pathologies can significantly improve if the patient seeks medical help in a timely manner.

Unfortunately, occupational diseases can make themselves felt even several years after the cessation of a hazardous activity. Therefore, prevention methods should be given special attention.

Occupational diseases are those caused by exposure of workers to harmful production factors.

Occupational diseases include:

Some common diseases, in the development of which a causal relationship has been established with the influence of certain factors in the working environment and the labor process (tuberculosis - in medical workers who have contact with a patient with tuberculosis, etc.

The main causes of occupational diseases can be intensive short-term or long-term exposure to harmful factors as a result of an accident, disruption of the normal technological regime, improper organization of the production process, etc.

There is no generally accepted classification of occupational diseases. But the most recognized classification is based on the etiological principle (according to the nature of the production factor), according to which PZ is divided into 7 groups:

1) diseases caused by exposure to chemical factors

(acute and chronic intoxications, as well as their consequences, occurring with isolated or combined damage to various organs and systems);

2) diseases caused by exposure to industrial aerosols

(pneumoconiosis-silicosis, silicosis, metalloconiosis, pneumoconiosis of electric welders and gas cutters, grinders, emery workers, etc.);

3). caused by exposure to physical factors

: vibration disease; diseases associated with exposure to contact ultrasound - vegetative polyneuritis; noise sickness; diseases associated with exposure to electromagnetic radiation and scattered laser radiation; radiation sickness; diseases associated with changes in atmospheric pressure - decompression sickness, acute hypoxia; overheating, convulsive illness,

4). diseases of peripheral nerves and muscles - neuritis, radiculopolyneuritis, vegetosensitive polyneuritis, cervical-brachial plexitis, vogetomyophaocytes, myofasciitis; diseases of the musculoskeletal system - chronic tendovaginitis, stenotic ligamentitis, bursitis, ericondylitis of the shoulder, deforming arthrosis; focal neuroses - writer's cramp, other forms of functional dyskinesias; diseases of the vocal apparatus - phonasthenia and the organ of vision - asthenopia and myopia;

6) allergic diseases

– conjunctivitis, rhinitis, eczema

7) neoplasms – cancer, tumors, leukemia.

The structure of the mental health system is dominated by diseases of the respiratory organs, o-d apparatus, vibration disease, and diseases of the hearing organs.

There are also acute

and
chronic
occupational diseases.
An acute occupational disease (intoxication)
occurs suddenly, after a single (during no more than one work shift) exposure to relatively high concentrations of chemicals contained in the air of the work area, as well as levels and doses of other unfavorable factors.
Chronic occupational disease
occurs as a result of long-term systematic exposure to unfavorable factors on the body.

Features of the occurrence of occupational diseases

In the process of work, functional stress of the body occurs → fatigue - decreased performance. With sufficient rest, fatigue occurs more quickly, which accumulates (cumulation period), which leads to overwork.

Overfatigue (overstrain) leads to:

1. to decreased immunity;

2. to an occupational disease – general diseases of the body and organs;

3. to an occupational disease.

Occupational disease occurs:

1. with fairly intense work;

2. with professional experience (≈15-20, 25 years);

3. if the onset and course of the disease is noted;

4. in the absence of other reasons (previous infectious disease, injury, household stress, disturbance of mineral metabolism, etc.);

There are a number of diseases that are in one way or another related to the professional activities of citizens. These include illnesses or accidents that result in a person temporarily or permanently losing their ability to work. Types of occupational diseases are associated with the influence of harmful occupational factors

, such as:

The above factors directly or indirectly affect the health of citizens. In this regard, a law was passed obliging citizens to insure against accidents and employers to pay compensation. Depending on the factors, a general classification of diseases is distinguished.

How does an acute occupational disease differ from a chronic one?

Occupational diseases include diseases of the cardiovascular system (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease), neuropsychiatric diseases such as neurosis, diseases of the musculoskeletal system (for example, lumbosacral radiculitis), a number of respiratory diseases, etc.

A group occupational disease is a disease in which two or more people become ill (injured) at the same time.

A chronic occupational disease is a disease that occurs after repeated and prolonged exposure to harmful production factors.

A chronic occupational disease is a disease that occurs after repeated and prolonged exposure to harmful production factors.

Occupational morbidity refers to the number of persons with a newly diagnosed disease in the current calendar year, attributed to the number of workers (at a specific enterprise, industry, ministry, etc.).

Types of occupational diseases

Respiratory tract diseases
. These include bronchitis and asthma. Diseases are associated with such professional activities as the production of chemicals, synthetic products, and phytoproducts. Activities in enterprises associated with dust of various types are especially dangerous;
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
, such as depression, spinal curvature. They often occur in people whose activities involve standing on their feet for a long time or, conversely, “sedentary” work, as well as heavy lifting. This category includes hairdressers, office workers, loaders, etc.;
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
. The most common gastritis, ulcers, colitis. Associated with eating disorders. Office employees are especially susceptible to these diseases. Often people refuse breakfast, and at work they try to snack on sweets, cookies, and drink coffee. Lack of adequate nutrition to maintain normal metabolism leads to gastrointestinal diseases;
Skin diseases such as dermatitis, eczema
. Associated with work where there is contact with substances that damage the skin, fuels and lubricants, medications, dry herbal products;
Injuries sustained in the workplace
. These are burns, frostbite, wounds of varying degrees, fractures, injuries.

Occupational diseases can cause disability for citizens

. Workplace injuries that result in permanent disability require the business to pay compensation to the employee.

List of occupational diseases

Diseases associated with chronic intoxication
:

acute alcohol poisoning;
petroleum product poisoning;
benzene poisoning;
gas poisoning;
acid poisoning;
alkali poisoning;
metal poisoning.

Diseases associated with allergic reactions
:

allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, etc.;
contact urticaria;
bronchial asthma.

Diseases associated with effects on the respiratory system
:

Chronical bronchitis;
obstructive pulmonary disease;
pneumoconiosis, etc.

Diseases associated with industrial vibration
.
Diseases associated with biological factors
.

This is just a small list of occupational diseases. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the employee has the right to receive rehabilitation at the expense of the employer. In this regard, the list of occupational diseases is periodically updated

An example could be:

toxic anemia, hepatitis;
radiation sickness, lesions;
radiculitis, diseases of the nervous system.

The list of occupational diseases is a document with which you can confirm the diagnosis. Based on this, the commission issues a verdict of incapacity for work.

Occupational diseases appear as a result of long-term work in hazardous conditions. They involve temporary or permanent loss of ability to work. The employer is obliged to pay compensation to employees at a high risk of occupational diseases.

Concept and types of occupational diseases

The definition of an occupational disease is set out in Federal Law No. 125 of June 24, 1998. This is a disease, the occurrence of which is provoked by harmful working conditions. Occupational diseases are divided into a number of categories:

Spicy
. Formed as a result of short-term harmful influence. If work-related injuries and illnesses of this kind occur, the employer is responsible for transporting the person to a medical facility. This obligation is stipulated in Article 223 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. What are acute occupational diseases? For example, it could be poisoning.
Chronic
. Formed due to prolonged exposure to harmful factors. One of the signs of such a disease is its protracted nature.

In the acute form of the disease, it is easier to prove its connection with harmful production factors. For example, there was a release of harmful substances at the enterprise, and an employee was poisoned. The cause-and-effect relationship is obvious. It is a little more difficult to prove a similar connection in a chronic disease.

IMPORTANT!

An occupational disease is recognized only as an ailment resulting from exposure to a harmful factor. This is an impact within the framework of production, due to which the employee lost his ability to work (according to Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Let's look at examples of occupational diseases:

Varicose veins
Allergic bronchitis.
Asthma.
Eczema.
Gastritis.
Deterioration of visual acuity.

The most common ailments of workers, according to international statistics:

Musculoskeletal deformities (40%).
Cardiovascular diseases (16%).
Airway-related disorders (9%).

Often workers who constantly interact with aggressive substances develop dermatological diseases.

What causes occupational diseases?

The risk of occupational disease arises under the influence of such conditions as:

Mediocre organization of production processes.
Technical backwardness of production.
Ignoring sanitary and hygienic standards.
Features of the climate.
Economic forces.

Almost every negative condition can be reduced.

What leads to the development of occupational diseases

Working conditions in the workplace: what is it?

Working conditions that increase the risk of occupational diseases at work include:

insufficient organization of production processes;
technical backwardness;
neglect of sanitary and hygienic standards;
climatic features.

To reduce the likelihood of getting the disease, the impact of each negative condition can be reduced.

According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the concept of hazardous production factors leading to injury is also distinguished. They can be moving mechanisms on equipment, electric current, etc. Both terms are interrelated and important for conducting examinations. Thus, if there is excessive humidity in the room, conductive dust (harmful factors) can cause electric shock (a dangerous factor) to a person. Studying this relationship helps to establish what caused the body’s dysfunction and identify the presence of an occupational disease.

Working in conditions of harmful chemical factors in production

According to GOST 12.0.003-74, harmful factors are divided into four categories: physical, chemical, biological, psychophysiological origin.

The regulation of the maximum permissible level of their impact on the body is fixed within the framework of the relevant labor safety standards and sanitary and hygienic rules.

How to confirm an occupational disease?

In case of occupational diseases, compensation is provided. However, in order to receive them, the employee must confirm that his illness is related specifically to production factors. Finding the appropriate cause-and-effect relationship is the task of the medical authority. This process should be started by the head of the medical institution where the worker is observed. The establishment of an occupational disease is carried out in the following order:

The head of the clinic sends a notification with the primary diagnosis to the sanitary and epidemiological supervision. There are established deadlines for sending notifications: one day for an acute form of the disease, 3 days for a chronic form. All the nuances of filling out the paper are established by order of the Ministry of Health No. 176 of May 28, 2001.
The sanitary and epidemiological supervision must become familiar with the person’s working conditions and characterize them. The document is drawn up in accordance with the standards established by Order of the Ministry of Health No. 176.
If it is an acute illness, the final diagnosis can be made by the clinic. A sanitary and hygienic characteristic is drawn up, after which an appropriate conclusion is issued. If this is a chronic disease, you need to undergo additional examination.
The conclusion can be obtained from the Center for Occupational Pathologies. It is drawn up after examining the person and reviewing the available documents. To apply to the Center, you will need an appropriate referral, work record, characteristics of production factors given by supervision, and an extract from the outpatient card. You will also need the results of regular inspections.

The conclusion is issued urgently if the following circumstances exist:

One-time influence of the production factor.
Sudden onset of acute pathology (for example, severe poisoning).
Symptoms persist throughout the entire shift.
The result of the attack is loss of ability to work.

The FSS Letter dated April 29, 2005 states that the examination process must confirm the direct connection between the disease and working conditions. An insured event occurs only when a pathology occurs due to a contradiction between existing production factors and hygienic standards.

IMPORTANT! To receive insurance, the employee must request benefits within six months from the onset of the pathology.

ATTENTION!

The FSS has provided clarification on what is considered an insured event. This is any fact of occupational disease. If an occupational pathology is discovered, but the fund does not pay the insurance, citing the need for additional examinations, you need to contact the judicial authority for an appeal.

What to do if the employer does not issue a certificate?

To obtain insurance, a person must provide an occupational pathology certificate. It is issued by the employer after investigating the circumstances of the illness. If the employer refuses to issue a certificate, the worker can go to court.

How to register an occupational disease: where to start

To register an occupational disease, you should start with a visit to a medical institution, after which the mechanism for establishing the fact that has taken place is launched:

The therapist issues a referral for examination by specialized specialists.
Based on the findings of the medical examination, a preliminary diagnosis is determined.
Documents from the medical institution are submitted to Rospotrebnadzor, the body that initiates an examination of the place of work.
The labor safety inspector prepares the result in the form of an extract.
The enterprise commission draws up an act.

The documents are provided to the experts of the Center for Occupational Pathology, an institution that, based on checking the preliminary diagnosis, gives a final conclusion and establishes the occupational disease.

The procedure for registering an occupational disease using the example of determining the degree of hearing loss in a pilot

Important! The examination should be complete with a range of tests and additional studies, if necessary.

Payments to employees for occupational diseases

In case of professional pathologies, the following compensations are provided:

Payments for temporary disability.
One-time payments upon diagnosis of pathology.
Monthly compensation for persons with loss of ability to work.

Payments are made by FSS resources. The amount of compensation can vary significantly. Let's look at the maximum payments recorded in 2020:

About 90,500 rubles (one-time compensation).
Approximately 70,000 rubles (monthly payment).

The maximum amount of payments is set annually by the Social Insurance Fund. In 2017, the maximum monthly benefit is 71,000 rubles, and the one-time benefit is 92,339 rubles. When calculating a specific amount, the employee’s earnings, which he stopped receiving due to pathology, are taken into account.

The Social Insurance Fund also compensates the injured person’s expenses for treatment:

Purchasing medicines.
Payment for paid care, if necessary.
Rehabilitation in sanatorium conditions.
Manufacturing and repair of prostheses.

These payments are made only with the decision of the Social Insurance Fund. They are preceded by checking the necessity of all treatment measures taken.

Compensations are also made in case of death caused by production factors. In the latter situation, the employee’s relatives receive payments.

Accounting entries

Let's look at the entries that are used to reflect payments to persons affected by occupational diseases:

DT20 KT69.1.2
. Accounting for contributions to funds for professional pathologies.
DT69.1.2.
KT70 . Calculation of the amount to pay compensation to the employee.
DT79 KT51
. Transfer of the amount for payment of compensation.

All transactions must be confirmed by primary documentation. For example, this could be an accident at work, a payment order.

Benefits and allowances for employees with acute illnesses

When an employee is diagnosed with an occupational disease, he automatically has the right to payment for his sick leave. That is, the sick leave will be closed in full.

How the payment is calculated:

Experience is not taken into account, so the employee will receive 100% of the salary in any case
If the minimum payment amount is established, then this is in the quadruple ratio
The latest maximum has been established at the state level - 77 thousand 283 rubles. This is monthly insurance
The Social Insurance Fund pays benefits from its own fund

At the SS fund, employees carefully study the documentation and determine whether a given case is classified as an insurance case or not. An employee is considered to be insured if during the performance of his work duties he receives an acute illness.

In order to receive benefits, it is enough to submit the following documents:

An act of establishing the case, signed by the members of the commission and approved by the chairman.
Conclusion from a medical institution about loss of ability to work.
A scan of the employee’s work record book or employment agreement with a representative of the administration regarding employment.
Document on average earnings for the last year of work.
A statement written and signed personally by the employees.

Afterwards the payment amount is determined, it depends on the following indicators:

Depending on the type of disability received
What degree of guilt is determined for the employee?
What is the average monthly income

Compensation for additional expenses is carried out for the following:

For the cost of medications needed to restore health
Payment for patient care
Rehabilitation

It is easier to prevent an acute occupational disease than to conduct investigations and punish the management of the facility, but for this, the occupational health and safety service at the enterprise must work clearly.

The lecture on occupational diseases was prepared by the Klin Institute of Working Conditions:

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