What is adoption
Adoption is a form of family arrangement for children with equalization of their personal and property rights and obligations to relatives by birth in relation to adoptive parents. In this case, children lose all rights and responsibilities to their biological parents.
In Russia, the procedure for adopting a minor - abandoned, abandoned in a medical institution, placed in a children's (baby) home or orphanage - is regulated by federal regulations. The fact of adoption is established by the court. At the request of the adoptive parents, it is possible to change the baby’s surname and first name, change the place, as well as the date of his birth by three months in one direction or another. Cancellation of adoption can only be carried out in court.
Where can you adopt a newborn?
The age of the person being adopted, as well as his gender and ethnicity, depend on the preferences of the future parents. Most often, the choice falls on babies under three years old. The motives of adults are different: it is easier to establish contact with a baby, he is more open to everything new, he has less pronounced or absent attachment disorders, and in addition, it is easier to correct negative aspects of mental and physical health, if any. Often, adoptive parents express a desire to adopt a very small child, and then the question arises - where and how they can adopt a newborn child. You can find such a baby either with the help of the guardianship authorities in an orphanage or hospital, or you can find out about him directly in the maternity hospital.
Differences between adoption from an orphanage and a baby home
Children from birth to the age of three are in orphanages. You can adopt a child over three years old from an orphanage. Regardless of the age of the adoptee, the stages of the procedure will include the collection of necessary documents and control by government agencies. The only difference between the adoption of children from orphanages and orphanages is the need to obtain the consent of the adoptees upon reaching the age of ten years. The same consent will be required when changing personal data.
Children will be allowed to stay in orphanages until they are 23 years old. What will it change?
The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation has published a resolution that defines the reasons why children left without parental care can live in an orphanage after adulthood. Graduates from 18 to 23 years old will be able to live and eat free of charge in the institution until employment, admission to college or university, and students will be allowed to return from dormitories on vacations and weekends. Adults undergoing rehabilitation for disabilities will also be able to live free of charge in institutions for orphans.
“Taki Dela” spoke with experts from specialized NGOs about how the lives of children in orphanages will change after the adoption of the resolution.
A pupil of an orphanage in the city of Karabanovo, a participant in the Happy Flight program of the Arithmetic of Good Foundation. Photo: Vladimir Pesnya/RIA Novosti
Margarita Netesova
Lawyer of the Volunteers to Help Orphans Foundation, which participated in the development of the resolution
Changes are being made to 481 Government resolutions. This is already a fairly progressive document; it helps orphans, upon reaching adulthood, not to move to another “stationary” system, but to leave it and lead an independent life.
Who can become an adoptive parent
So, the potential parent has made a decision: “I want to adopt a child.” Now it is important to find out whether the law allows him to do this.
Requirements for adoptive parents
Adoptive parents can be adult citizens of both sexes. Adoption is prohibited:
- incapacitated or partially capable persons, as well as married couples if one of the spouses is incompetent (the fact is established by the court);
- persons with deprivation or restriction of parental rights;
- evading parenting and not living with the child for more than six months for unjustified reasons;
- former guardians removed for improper performance of duties, as well as former adoptive parents after the adoption was canceled;
- citizens with significant health problems (the list of diseases is approved by law), with insufficient total income and/or lack of housing;
- persons with an unexpunged criminal record.
Citizens who are not officially married cannot adopt the same child. Future parents must be 16 years or more older than the adoptee, however, in exceptional cases, this requirement may not be taken into account by the court.
How to adopt from a maternity hospital
Legal adoption from a maternity hospital is almost impossible. An exception is the consent of biological parents to adoption in favor of certain persons. After an official refusal is issued or the baby is abandoned by the mother in the maternity hospital (with the corresponding act being drawn up), he comes under the control of the guardianship authorities. In the coming days he will be transferred to a hospital and then to an orphanage. It is from these institutions that the adoptive parents can already pick up the baby with a complete package of documents. The procedure usually takes about two to three months. In some cases, it is possible to speed up the process, but even if the baby does not have time to be placed in a baby home, the registration will take some time (at least a month).
Registration procedure
Candidate adoptive parents begin the procedure for adopting a child placed in an orphanage by undergoing psychological and legal training. Close relatives of the adoptee, citizens who already have adopted children or guardians are exempt from the obligation to study at the School of Adoptive Parents.
Where to contact
Those wishing to adopt a child must contact the guardianship and trusteeship authorities at their place of residence (registration). Representatives of the authorities will give directions for training, tell you what list of documents is needed to adopt a child from an orphanage, and coordinate the further procedure.
Documents required for adoption
As a rule, the list of documents for adoption from an orphanage includes:
- Certificate of completion of training.
- A certificate of the established form confirming completion of a medical examination.
- Certificate of no criminal record.
- Documents confirming the presence of registration, as well as the right to the occupied living space (social or commercial tenancy agreement, certificate of ownership).
- A copy of the financial and personal account indicating the absence of debt on utility bills.
- Certificate of housing compliance with sanitary standards.
- A certificate of salary and position held (or documents confirming the place of work and a sufficient level of income), a reference from the place of work.
- Autobiography.
- A copy of the marriage certificate for spouses, passport, pension certificate.
- Consent of other children in the family, if they have reached the age of 10 years, as well as of the husband/wife, in the case of adoption of a child by only one of them.
- Application with a request to issue a conclusion from the guardianship authorities on the possibility of becoming an adoptive parent.
A medical examination is mandatory for everyone. The certificate is valid for 6 months. The remaining documents are valid for one year.
At the final stage, after inspecting the residential premises, representatives of the guardianship authorities draw up a Housing Inspection Report and give an opinion authorizing the adoption of the baby from an orphanage or baby home.
Reasons for refusal
Failure of citizens to meet any of the requirements specified in the law (presence of serious illnesses, low income, criminal record, etc.) becomes grounds for refusal to register them as candidates for adoptive parents.
How to transfer things to an orphanage
Content
How to transfer things to an orphanage. Almost every orphanage will gratefully accept things, shoes, equipment, cosmetics, clothes, books, stationery and much more. At the same time, you don’t have to be a philanthropic financier to help orphans at least a little. So, you have decided to donate some of your belongings to an orphanage, but you don’t know where to start.
How to transfer things to an orphanage
How to transfer things to an orphanage
First, sensibly evaluate and carefully inspect all the things that you plan to take to the orphanage. Basically, the capital's orphanages no longer accept used clothing from the population. Since very often people carry very old and sometimes unwashed things.
When handing over clothing, make sure the items are in GOOD condition. No holes, pills or abrasions.
There is NO WHERE to alter, stitch, darn, change buttons and zippers in the orphanage!
Clothes must be
- clean,
- extended,
- preferably ironed.
Please, dear donors, do not do only half the good deed by giving your child a jacket, but without a lock, or not washed. Please insert a lock or buttons, wash, iron and then the child will be GRATEFUL, NOT DISAPPOINTED!
The main guide when transferring things is to ask yourself the question, would you dress YOUR child in this way?
- if yes, feel free to pass it on,
- if not, then please look for other uses for things...
Things shouldn't be
- stretched out
- with fluffy edges.
If you cannot determine which clothes should be kept and which should not, consult with the administration of the orphanage. Or at least when handing over things, note that you did not sort them.
If you are planning to place a baby in a home
- books,
- household appliances
- or something else,
also check everything for external and hidden defects.
Orphans in medical institutions are also in dire need of ordinary, but good things and items, such as
- soap,
- shampoos,
- powder,
- toothpaste,
- powders,
- baby oils,
- cream,
- diapers.
All these hygiene products must be sealed.
The Children's Home does not accept used soft toys in accordance with sanitary standards!
- Soft toys can only be transferred new with tags and receipts.
At the same time, if you really want to make your child happy with a soft toy, then it is better to give it as a gift, for example,
- on the birthday day,
- or simply pass it on for a specific child, and we will invest in the gift ourselves. But again, it must be new.
BUT! In fact, it is better to give preference to educational and creative games
- moldings,
- coloring books,
- designers,
- puzzles,
- board games, etc.
If you plan to provide assistance to a particular orphanage, you can take the things yourself, but during working hours and having notified the administration in advance about your visit.
Another way is to send things via regular mail.
If you are a church parishioner, then they will probably be able to tell you where you can donate things for orphans. Often, churches and monasteries also have orphanages that are always happy to receive any help.
Tags: things for the orphanage consumer
Payments upon adoption
Adopted children are considered natural children, therefore adoptive parents are entitled to federal payments in the form of:
- maternity benefits – in case of adoption of an infant under three months of age;
- lump sum benefit at birth – when the baby is up to six months old;
- one-time benefit when transferring children to a family;
- monthly child care allowance for children up to one and a half or three years old;
- maternal capital.
In addition to federal benefits, additional regional benefits are paid if they exist in a given region.
Database
Those wishing to adopt a child from an orphanage can use federal and regional child databases. It is important to take into account that the federal bank is updated less frequently, so the latest data about the child or children you like who have adoption status can be obtained from regional operators, as well as directly from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities in whose districts the orphanages are located. In addition, information about infants who can be adopted appears in the federal database only after the baby is transferred to an orphanage, so for some time it is available only to the guardianship authorities.
Child's choice
Information about boys and girls in orphanages who are allowed to be adopted can only be obtained after collecting a full package of documents and registering future parents as candidates for adoptive parents. The choice is not limited by the territory of residence, and the age of the baby from the orphanage to be adopted is regulated only by the recommendation of the guardianship authorities indicated in the conclusion. Issuing a referral restricts the rights of other adoptive parents. They can receive a referral to an orphanage to meet the same child only after the previous candidates have refused. After the consent is signed by the future parents, the adoptee’s application form is removed from the database, and the documents are transferred to the guardianship authorities for preparation for the court hearing.
How to adopt a child from an orphanage
Adopting a baby from an orphanage is a difficult psychological step for future parents, since they are obliged to recognize someone else’s child as their own. As a rule, married couples or single mothers make such decisions if, for medical reasons, the spouses cannot have their own children or show a sense of mercy towards abandoned children. To pick up a baby from an orphanage:
- The main question asked by married couples who do not have the opportunity to have their own baby is where to get a child? First of all, candidates must contact the guardianship and trusteeship authorities, where they will be provided with a catalog with descriptions and photographs of little orphans. In this book, they will be able to familiarize themselves with the name, gender and developmental characteristics of a particular baby, obtain information about the presence of congenital anomalies, if any, and other nuances of a particular child.
Refuseniks in maternity hospitals
In addition, to familiarize themselves with the catalogue, future parents can use the online Internet resource, which provides the same information as in the catalogue, but in a constantly updated form.
- After choosing the child who is interested, the spouses are obliged to start collecting the papers required by the regulations and the RF IC, without which the adoption process is impossible.
- Next, parents must wait a certain period of time required by the guardianship authorities to verify all submitted information, as well as their identities, through law enforcement agencies and other government agencies.
- When the test is positive, the happy parents receive their adoption certificate.
- Next, all the same papers, along with the certificate, must be submitted to the court, where a representative of the government structure will review them and issue an appropriate verdict.
- When the court decision comes into force, parents have the right to go to the orphanage and pick up their child from there.
- After the baby is at home, the parents must issue new identification documents for him and identify them as official guardians at the registry office or MFC.
Important! In order for the adoption process to be successful, parents must have a certain set of positive social and personal qualities, as well as a high financial position.
Child protection
