The issue of domestic injuries is relevant for both employers and employees. This concept includes all types of injuries that an employee may receive outside of working hours.
Reasons for interest in the question of how a domestic injury is paid for on sick leave:
- the nature of the injury directly determines the period for which sick leave is given;
- The amount of payments for a certificate of incapacity for work is determined by length of service.
A sick leave certificate is a document according to which you can stay at home during temporary incapacity for work and receive benefits. A similar document is issued in any medical institution that provides medical services. Let us list the features of paying sick leave for a domestic injury in 2020.
What it is
A domestic injury is an accident that occurs outside of work: in a house, apartment, yard, etc. This type of injury rate is high, and there is no tendency to reduce it.
The main cause of injuries is performing various types of housework. You can get injured during cooking, cleaning, and repairs. Most often, the hands are damaged in everyday conditions. A quarter of injuries occur due to falls. In rare cases, various excesses occur as a result of alcohol intoxication.
Most often, domestic injuries occur in men, and less often in women. Moreover, it mainly affects people under 25 years of age.
Household injuries include insect and animal bites, scratches, burns, cuts, fractures, and bruises. With each type, it is necessary to immediately provide proper assistance.
Types and severity of injuries
There are several types of injuries:
- chemical injuries. Such injuries occur due to inhalation or tactile contact with hazardous and toxic chemicals. Aggressive substances can injure mucous membranes upon air contact, as well as be absorbed into the blood through the skin and poison the body from the inside;
- mechanical. The most popular type of injury that occurs due to a sharp impact on soft tissue or internal organs of a person. This number also includes birth and post-operative injuries;
- thermal. Appear due to exposure of the skin to too low or too high temperatures (burns, frostbite);
- radial. Such injuries occur against the background of prolonged exposure to radiation, including for medicinal purposes;
- electric. As a rule, such injuries affect the entire body, since the human body is a conductor of electric current. Occur after exposure to natural or household current on the body;
- psychological. This type of injury occurs against the background of shock, stress, panic attack, etc. and in the future affects the psychological health of the patient;
- combined – multiple injuries of different types. Most often observed in victims of road accidents, plane crashes, victims of natural disasters, etc.;
- biological – injuries caused by poisonous plants, insects, predatory animals, dangerous microorganisms;
- domestic – injuries acquired by an employee during off-duty hours. Such injuries can be of any nature and have a legal rather than a medical significance;
- work injury. An injury that a person received at work, production, etc.
Each type of injury is separately classified according to the severity of the injuries caused for a more accurate clinical medical picture:
- minor injury. There is slight pain and discomfort, the injury does not seriously affect the person’s performance, treatment is carried out at home. Every person faces such injuries, especially in childhood;
- moderate injury. There are slight changes in the functioning of metabolic processes and internal organs, the period of disability ranges from 15 to 30 days. Treatment can be carried out both at home and in a hospital, depending on the nature of the injuries received;
- serious injury. There are clear signs of disruption of the functioning of internal organs or the integrity of the skin. In this case, medical help and immediate hospitalization are necessary. Recovery period is about 30-60 days;
- extremely serious injuries. Such injuries are incompatible with life and lead to death within a certain period of time.
Injuries are also divided into open and closed. Open injuries are damage to the skin with partial disruption of its integrity. These injuries are accompanied by bleeding, and can also cause infection and even blood poisoning through the wound. Closed injuries are considered to be injuries without visible integral damage to the skin, but with hematomas, bruises, swelling and internal bleeding. Open injuries require immediate hospitalization, while closed injuries can in some cases be treated at home. Seeing a doctor is never an unnecessary measure taken during the treatment of even a minor injury, since the true picture of the consequences can only be known by undergoing a series of examinations. Doctors at the Yusupov Hospital will competently make a diagnosis based on the initial clinical picture and the results of examinations carried out within the walls of the hospital. Timely treatment will provide the patient with short-term rehabilitation and minimize the risk of developing side pathologies.
Burns
Burns are very common among household injuries. They are divided into chemical and thermal. Each type requires a certain type of assistance.
In case of a thermal burn, the affected area must be cooled in water (cool for at least twenty minutes). Then the damaged area is treated with an antiseptic.
With deep burns, blisters appear. It is forbidden to open them, otherwise the affected area will take a long time to heal, infection will get into the wound, and complications will begin.
If the burn area is large or the wound becomes inflamed or suppurates, then you should urgently consult a doctor.
For chemical types of burns, the affected area is washed with plenty of water and then treated with an anti-burn agent. Antidotes that are used to wash burned areas help a lot. For example, in case of a burn with acetic acid or essence, washing is carried out with alkaline solutions (baking soda).
Chemical burns of internal organs may cause swelling of the larynx and suffocation. In such cases, it is necessary to transport the victim to the hospital as quickly as possible, where he will receive the necessary qualified assistance.
Industrial and domestic injury - differences
Since the definitions of a domestic and industrial injury are legal, their difference lies in the place of the injury received - an industrial injury occurs while working in the workplace, while a person receives a household injury during non-working hours (at home, on vacation, a business trip, etc.). These definitions help lawyers resolve issues regarding payments and sick leave provided by the managers of the victim’s place of work.
Timely and correct assistance for domestic injuries not only facilitates the work of doctors, but also minimizes the risk of dynamic growth of the disease. The rehabilitation center provides medical services from the best doctors who are ready to help even in the most difficult situations. To make an appointment with a doctor, you should call the Yusupov Hospital number.
Source: yusupovs.com
Help with cuts
First aid for domestic injuries depends on the depth of the cut and the degree of damage. For shallow cuts, treat the wound with an antiseptic and apply a bandage or plaster. Deep cuts may require medical attention.
In rare cases, venous bleeding may occur at home. With this type of injury, dark blood flows out, which is difficult to stop. For this type of injury, a pressure bandage is applied. This type of injury is treated by a doctor.
If the arteries are damaged, scarlet blood flows out in a pulsating fountain. For this type of injury, it is necessary to apply a hemostatic tourniquet as quickly as possible and call a doctor. Be sure to indicate the time when the tourniquet was applied, since it can be applied for no longer than an hour in the heat, and in the cold - for half an hour.
Gas poisoning (carbon gas, household gas)
Any domestic or work injury requires immediate assistance. One of the most dangerous injuries is gas poisoning. This rare phenomenon occurs with a poorly functioning stove, gas boiler or water heater, or improperly functioning wood stoves. When a domestic gas leaks, a characteristic odor is immediately felt, but the smell of carbon monoxide does not have a pronounced aroma, which is why it accumulates unnoticed.
When gas poisoning occurs, dizziness occurs, headaches occur, coordination of movements is impaired, and loss of consciousness occurs. With such symptoms, it is necessary to lay the victim down and ventilate the room. In case of severe gas pollution, it is best to take the victim to fresh air. If the clinical manifestations do not go away, then you need to call an ambulance.
Bruises and other types of injuries
For bruises, in the first hours (up to 24 hours), apply cold to the damaged area to reduce internal bleeding. Next, you need to monitor the sore spot for a week. If pain appears that does not subside or swelling does not subside, suppuration appears, or the temperature rises, then this is a reason to consult a doctor. With bruises, it is important to understand that there may be a crack or fracture underneath.
If you have a head injury, you should consult a doctor. Closed injuries do not always manifest themselves symptomatically, but can make themselves felt a day later, when the minutes are already counting.
Measures to prevent and prevent household injuries
Prevention of domestic injuries is specific and organizationally represents a very difficult task. It's all about the fact that most often the root of the immediate causes of domestic injuries is in the bad habits of the injured person or depends on relationships within the family, or is associated with the character and behavioral habits of individuals around him. And it’s a difficult task to influence them. [1, p. 68]
After receiving a domestic injury, most victims do not seek first aid at all or do not seek it in a timely manner. This is often caused by the urge to hide intoxication. Therefore, people try to get by with home methods and remedies first. As a result, injuries can become more complicated - small cuts or shallow punctures become inflamed, dislocations, burns, and finger fractures worsen.
Patients often seek help with purulent complications after wounds to the hands, with inflammation of the lymph nodes, with secondary displacement of bone fragments, with compression of soft tissues and impaired blood circulation in them due to post-traumatic edema. It must be remembered that you need to contact a medical institution for a diagnosis immediately after receiving an injury.
Domestic injuries do not depend on the time of day or season. However, their number increases in the evening hours, during holidays or weekends.
In the autumn-winter period, domestic injuries increase in cities, as during the cold seasons people tend to spend their free time at home.
The prevention of household injuries largely depends not on the citizens themselves, but on their personal concern for preserving their own lives and health. In everyday life: Monitor the serviceability of electrical wiring and electrical appliances. [2, p. 51]
Strictly follow the instructions for using home appliances. Electric stoves must have a closed spiral. The floors in the room should not be slippery. Choose the right rugs for restrooms and kitchens where the floor is covered with linoleum or tiles. Falls are especially dangerous for older people, so older people should walk around the apartment in house shoes with rubber soles.
After each use of the gas stove, close the taps on the stove and on the inlet pipe. Before leaving home or apartment, check whether gas access is closed.
Teach children how to properly handle heating appliances and follow fire safety rules in winter in houses where there is no steam heating. Children are not allowed to play with matches. All medicines must be stored out of the reach of children.
Due to the increasing incidence of allergic diseases, especially in women, associated with the use of detergents and synthetic cleaning products, avoid storing household chemicals in the kitchen and in places accessible to children. Close the packages carefully. Washing and cleaning with synthetic products is best done with rubber gloves, especially for sensitive skin.
Lead a healthy lifestyle, do not abuse alcohol, remember that while intoxicated it is easy to get injured and poisoned.
Adults and children should always know and remember: forecasting and anticipating possible consequences in a given situation, increased attention and vigilance not only in extreme conditions, but also in everyday life, compliance with traffic rules will help avoid injuries and injuries, save lives and health for many years.
Electric shock
Electrical injury is a dangerous injury that often causes complications.
First aid for this type of injury is to remove the source of current: turn off the electricity or move the wire aside (this is done with a wooden object or use special tools that do not conduct electricity).
The victim is put to bed and given a sweet drink. In case of loss of consciousness, it is necessary to call an ambulance and revive the patient. Be sure to monitor your heartbeat and breathing.
Sick leave
The Labor Code of the Russian Federation describes injuries received during work (industrial) and those that a person receives outside of work. They are considered household ones. According to the law, it does not matter where exactly the injury occurred: at work or during non-working hours.
There was a time when, by law, an employer could fire an employee who suffered a domestic injury and did not return to work for more than four months. Now employers cannot do this.
Under the new law, the employer must accrue benefits from the date of disability. In the first three days, accruals come from the company’s budget, and then from the Social Insurance Fund. In the event of a domestic injury, sick leave may not be paid in full, but in total no more than the minimum wage. The final benefit amount depends on the type of injury and the circumstances under which it occurred. For example, if a person is injured while intoxicated, no matter what type, then the payment is unlikely to exceed the minimum wage. If the injury was caused by circumstances beyond the employee’s control, then benefits are paid based on average earnings. An example of such a situation could be a traumatic brain injury: a person was walking home, and an object fell on him from the roof. In such a situation, it does not matter whether the person was intoxicated or not, because even in a sober state he would have received this injury. In such cases, the employer is obliged to pay full sick leave.
Domestic injuries: types
Injuries are the leading cause of death in middle-aged people. You should distinguish between types of injuries and know how to provide first aid if necessary.
Mechanical injuries are the leading cause of death among the middle-aged population. These injuries include falls, cuts, fire injuries, drowning, gunshot wounds, and stab wounds.
You should be careful about fire safety and not neglect it, since most deaths from mechanical injuries occur due to unintentional arson. A fire can occur both outdoors and in the house due to smoking in bed, short circuit, burning gas stove, etc. In nature, you should always put out a fire behind you, do not throw cigarette butts into dry grass, and, as necessary, extinguish a fire that arises due to increased air temperature. It is also advisable, while in nature, to monitor the quality of water and the presence of underwater sharp stones in reservoirs. You cannot swim in places not specifically designated for this. It is important to pay attention to the flora and fauna in a particular area, since poisonous insects and animals can not only ruin your vacation, but also seriously harm your health.
While in a state of alcohol or drug intoxication, a person is capable of intentionally or accidentally injuring both himself and others, so it is necessary to monitor people with a clouded mind until they sober up.
Sick leave payment
Every person is concerned with the question: how is a domestic injury paid? Everything is quite simple. If the injured employee has worked for several years in a row without breaks, then all income received over the last 24 months is taken, added up and divided by the number of days in these two years. The result is an average income. Calculations will be made based on it. Income tax will be deducted from this amount.
When calculating benefits for a person who has worked for less than two years, information about income from the previous place of work is included in the calculation. To do this, the employee needs to take a certificate of income from the previous place of work. By the way, such a document is issued to everyone at the time of dismissal. If there is no such information, then the information is requested from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.
If an employee has not worked for some time, then calculations are made based on the average minimum wage. If the sick leave period includes the period of child care, you can change the calculation period by taking another 24 months.
The amount received is multiplied by the coefficient depending on the length of service. After this, the amount of benefits that will be paid from the enterprise fund and the balance paid from the Social Insurance Fund are determined.
Common mistakes when calculating hospital benefits for a domestic injury
Error. The employee works part-time, and when calculated, his average daily earnings turned out to be less than the minimum wage. The accountant calculated temporary disability benefits based on the minimum average earnings of 370.85 rubles.
How right. If an employee works part-time, and his average daily earnings are less than the minimum wage, then in this case it is necessary to reduce the average daily earnings in proportion to the length of working hours and compare them with the minimum average daily earnings. Let’s say an employee works 4 hours a day, then it is necessary to compare his actual average daily earnings with an amount equal to 370.85 /2 = 185.43. This is stated in paragraph 16 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 375 of July 15, 2007.
Documents for receiving payment
Payment of sick leave for a domestic injury is carried out after the employee submits the relevant documents. He needs to prepare the original sick leave certificate and, if necessary, write an application to change the billing period.
If an employee is employed in several places of work, then he must submit documents for each place. He needs to submit a sick leave certificate, which indicates a domestic injury. Moreover, this document is presented for each place of work. If the employee does not apply for benefits, then he should be provided with a copy of the sick leave to confirm that the reason for absence is valid.
If an employee decides to receive benefits only from the main employer, then he must provide salary certificates for the last two years from other places.
How is sick leave paid for a domestic injury if an employee quits? According to the new law, if a person is injured within a month from the date of dismissal, then the former employer is obliged to pay him benefits. To do this, all the same documents are submitted to the accounting department as for employees, as well as a work book. If there is no record of hiring for a new job, then the former employer is obliged to pay benefits.
