Modern citizens plan the birth of a child in advance. After all, the baby needs to be fed and provided with everything necessary. Both parents have to make every effort to achieve this every day. Pregnant women work until a certain period, then take leave. They are paid monthly maternity benefits, the amount of which may vary depending on various factors. You can calculate maternity benefits in advance using special formulas. Who has the right to claim such payments, what is the minimum amount specified by law - let's put all the information in one place for ease of reference.
Who receives maternity benefits?
By law, pregnant employees can work until a certain period, then they are granted long maternity leave. Find out whether a man can go on maternity leave in a separate article.
Such women rest during the prenatal (pregnancy) and postpartum (birth of a child) period. This is due to the condition of the expectant mother, as well as the need to raise the newborn until he grows up enough.
The employee can later resume work. They cannot fire her either during pregnancy or on vacation, although there are exceptions.
Maternity payments are monthly payments to which all pregnant women, even those not officially employed, are entitled to claim:
1. Employees who are registered as required in an organization or service, a state enterprise or a private company. They submit a special application, addressing it to the personnel department at work.
2. Women who have created their own individual entrepreneurs and are considered self-employed. They should submit an application to the social service branch, according to their place of residence/registration. The amount of payments they receive will correspond to the amount of insurance premiums paid by the woman.
3. who are not yet working. The main thing is to regularly visit the employment service and have an official mark there confirming this. The application is sent to the social security branch.
4. Full-time students who are still studying permanently at a college/university/institute/academy. They send applications to the deans of the relevant educational institutions.
5. Women are military , in particular contract soldiers. They forward applications to the HR location.
6. Women who have officially adopted a baby. They are equal to ordinary mothers who gave birth to a child. They are entitled to the same payments processed through social security.
Important! The regulations according to which payments are calculated remained the same at the beginning of 2020.
Employers must adhere to legislative standards developed back in 2017. Payments of contributions to temporarily disabled citizens and mothers are regulated by the provisions of Chapter 34 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
The main change is that when calculating maternity benefits, it is necessary to take into account the remuneration received by the citizen and other accruals for the 2 years preceding this period.
How to calculate the correct vacation in 2019 - formulas and step-by-step instructions
The algorithm for calculating maternity benefits is prescribed in Article 14 of Law 255-FZ.
In general, the formula for calculating maternity pay for sick leave can be depicted as follows:
BiR benefit = Average daily earnings * Duration of maternity leave in days
Average daily earnings = Total income for the billing period / (Number of days in the billing period - Excluded days)
Step-by-step instructions for calculating maternity benefits for an employer:
- Determine the billing period.
- Determine whether there are days to be excluded from the calculation.
- Calculate your total income during this time.
- Calculate the amount of daily earnings based on income.
- Compare daily earnings with minimum and maximum.
- Calculate the benefit amount.
There is no need to withhold personal income tax from the accrued amount of maternity benefits; insurance premiums are also not deducted - details here.
The entire accrued amount of benefits is payable on the day established as the deadline for paying salaries in the organization - payment deadlines.
To calculate benefits, an order must be issued, which, in turn, is drawn up on the basis of an application and sick leave provided by the employee.
If a woman has several jobs, then sick leave must be calculated in the following order.
Features of calculating maternity leave when moving from maternity leave to maternity leave using examples can be seen here.
Billing period
The billing period is the two calendar years preceding the year in which the sick leave was issued. If a woman goes on maternity leave later than the date of opening of sick leave, then 2 years are taken before the year of the start of maternity leave (Clause 1, Article 14 of Law 255-FZ).
It is important that calendar years are taken - from January 1 to December 31. The current year is never included in the calculation.
When booking a vacation in December 2020, the billing period is from 01/01/2017 to 12/31/20218. When registering in January 2020 - from 01/01/2018 to 12/31/2019.
The billing period can be replaced if a previous maternity leave (pregnancy or child care) was included in it. The presence of even one day of maternity leave in the accounting year gives the right to choose another year. The rules for replacing years are written here. This is a worker's right, not an obligation. Sometimes the benefit without replacement years is higher than after it.
To choose a different period, you must apply for a job.
The calculation period in the formula is measured in calendar days. In a normal year there are 365 days, in a leap year - 366. If the calculation period includes a leap year, then the duration of the calculation period is 731 days, if not - 730.
This is important to know: Parental leave: when does it start?
Excluded days
When calculating, you can exclude some days (clause 3.1 of Article 14 of Law 255-FZ):
- time of incapacity for work on sick leave opened in connection with the illness of the employee or her child;
- time spent on sick leave for pregnancy and childbirth;
- time spent on maternity leave to care for a child up to 3 years old;
- release from work with retention (full or partial) of salary, if no insurance contributions were accrued on it.
The number of days falling within the specified periods is calculated, the resulting amount is subtracted from 730 (or 731) in the formula for calculating benefits.
Average earnings
To calculate maternity benefits, it is important to know the average earnings for one day. To do this, the woman’s total income for the billing period is calculated and divided by the duration of the billing period minus the excluded days.
Not all incomes can be included in the amount of earnings, but only those from which insurance contributions to VNiM were made (Article 422 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation specifies payments from which contributions are not paid).
Your total earnings should include:
- salary;
- vacation pay;
- vacation compensation;
- bonuses;
- financial assistance over 4000 rubles.
Not taken into account:
- state benefits, including maternity benefits, care benefits for up to 1.5 years, in connection with the adoption of a child into the family, disability, unemployment and others;
- compensation for damages;
- compensation for food, accommodation, travel;
- severance pay within three monthly earnings;
- payment for retraining and advanced training;
- financial assistance in connection with the death of relatives, natural disasters;
- material assistance provided by the employer on a voluntary basis, up to 4,000 rubles;
- payment for uniforms and workwear.
If a woman worked in several places in the accounting years, then earnings from each employer are taken into account. To do this, the employee must bring proof of income.
Comparison with maximum and minimum size
The resulting average daily earnings must be compared with the acceptable values. The amount of maternity benefit should not exceed the established maximum limits, and also should not be lower than the minimum value.
The maximum benefit is calculated annually on the basis of the established maximum bases for social contributions for VNiM - in 2020 it is 2150.68 rubles. per day - how to calculate.
The minimum benefit is established by the Government of the Russian Federation from February 1 of each year - in 2020 it is 370.85 rubles. - details.
That is, in 2020, the average daily earnings received must be no less than 370.85 and no more than 2150.68. If it turns out to be lower or higher, then the extreme boundary values are taken for calculation.
Duration of maternity leave
The number of maternity days is determined in accordance with Article 255 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:
- 140 days in a standard situation;
- 194 - for twins or more;
- 156 - during difficult childbirth.
You can read more about the duration of maternity leave here.
When is the minimum wage taken?
In some cases, a worker’s monthly earnings are taken to be equal to the minimum wage (minimum wage), according to clause 1.1 of Article 14 of Law 255-FZ, this is possible in the following cases:
- there was no earnings in the accounting years;
- earnings for the accounting years were below the minimum wage.
For these persons, the amount of benefit is calculated according to the following formula:
BiR allowance from the minimum wage = minimum wage * 24 months. / 730 * Duration of maternity leave.
Also, the minimum wage for calculation is taken for those workers whose total work experience does not exceed six months - an example of calculation.
In these cases, the calculation must take into account the presence of a regional coefficient in the region. If there is one, then the minimum maternity payment is multiplied by it.
The increasing regional coefficient (northern) is not taken into account when calculating benefits from a woman’s income, since this indicator is already taken into account when calculating earnings.
https://youtu.be/4aSm3WFwZLE
Duration of maternity leave
During the entire period that mothers do not work, they receive monthly maternity benefits. The regulations regarding the duration of vacation have remained unchanged.
Women are entitled to:
1. The birth is normal , without complications and the pregnancy is simple and not multiple. Vacation is 140 days , it is divided equally, the first part falls on the period of pregnancy, the second - the birth of the baby.
2. Complicated childbirth . The mother has the right to rest for 156 days, of which 70 are during pregnancy, the remaining days are after childbirth.
3. Multiple pregnancy . A woman is given 194 days, of which 84 are pregnancy, 110 are the subsequent period.
4. If you adopt a child , you are entitled to a 70-day leave.
5. If you adopted 2 or more children , you are entitled to 110 days of leave.
6. Caring for a newborn baby 0-1.5 years old.
7. Further leave - applies to 1.5-3 year old children.
It turns out that working mothers are resting:
· 1 child – 30th week of pregnancy;
· twins or triplets – from the 28th week.
Those living in dangerous places where radiation is high - from the 27th week.
All postpartum payments are in the article.
Vacation registration procedure
The employee needs to provide the employer with a set of documents so that the HR department can correctly arrange her leave and calculate maternity benefits.
According to the law, “maternity leave” is a continuous combination of two leaves. When one ends, the second begins immediately.
Registration procedure:
1. Certificate of incapacity for work. You need to get it before giving birth. The document indicates the reason for the interruption of work, the duration of the vacation and other information.
2. Statement . His employee writes herself, addressing the employer. There is no special form, a regular A4 sheet will do. It looks standard: “header” - where the name of the enterprise and the applicant’s data are indicated. The “main part” is a description of the situation and a request to grant the applicant leave. It is important to correctly state your intentions; a representative from the HR department can help with this.
3. The requirements must indicate the calculation of payments related to social insurance.
4. Having studied the papers provided to him, a representative from the HR department issues an appropriate order. According to it, the employee goes on maternity leave as soon as the manager signs the paper.
5. After giving birth, it is necessary to collect documents so that the woman can receive the next leave - caring for a newborn child (0-3 years by law). And give them to the employer.
Some private enterprises ignore the law. They do not formally register employees and independently determine working conditions. Citizens have the right to demand compliance with the law.
It is necessary to study the nuances of work when signing an employment agreement with the employer. At the same time, discuss possible prospects, including maternity leave.
A woman can independently determine how much rest she needs and when to resume work. Often, employees leave earlier than expected , they need money or there are relatives at home who are willing to help with supervision. The employee sets out her intentions in a statement addressed to the manager. There she asks to interrupt the appointed maternity leave (or further). In response, the manager signs the corresponding order, and the employee continues to work under the same conditions.
Payments due to a young mother
The types of payments received by families with a child have expanded in 2020:
· when registering the mother;
· during childbirth (once);
· pregnancy – childbirth (one time);
· for the firstborn (given monthly, 0-1.5 years);
· care (next leave) 1.5-3 years (payments will be monthly);
· maternity capital (established when the baby is the second child, rules are adopted for the first child).
Financial assistance is also provided to guardians/adoptive parents on the same basis as biological parents. Guardians are paid a salary.
Additional Information
The legislation provides for the following payments related to the birth of a child:
- benefits for women who registered in the early stages of pregnancy;
- maternity benefits;
- lump sum benefit for the birth of a child;
- monthly child care allowance;
- monthly compensation for the period of parental leave up to three years.
If you are unemployed, we recommend that you read the following information: Benefits for pregnant unemployed women in 2020
Benefit for registering a woman
Pregnant women should be more attentive to their own health. They are helped in this by a specialist - a gynecologist, whom the expectant mother should visit from the beginning of diagnosing her pregnancy. And preferably before the 12th week.
The legislation motivates citizens - expectant mothers, giving them a (one-time) allowance of 655 rubles if they register with a medical doctor in a timely manner . Motivation is not a gift, but at least it’s something.
To receive it, a woman must provide a medical certificate to her employer confirming her registration at a medical institution. If the expectant mother does not work herself or is employed unofficially, she needs to visit the social security office and submit the certificate there.
Step 1. Calculate the average daily earnings of a female employee
Average daily earnings are calculated using the following formula (Part 3.1 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2006 N 255-FZ):
The total earnings for the billing period include payments from which contributions to VNiM were calculated. In this case, the calculation period, as a general rule, is two years preceding the year of maternity leave (Part 1, Article 14 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2006 N 255-FZ). In 2020, the calculation period is 2020 and 2020.
As for the excluded periods, these include the periods (Part 3.1 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2006 No. 255-FZ):
- temporary disability;
- being on leave for the BiR;
- being on parental leave;
- release of the employee with retention of salary (full or partial), from which contributions to VNiM were not accrued.
Maternity benefit
The accounting department calculates the amount of payments based on the salary received by the expectant mother over the previous 2 years (new requirements):
1. If her average income actually turns out to be higher than the current minimum wage, then the payment will be 100% of the woman’s average monthly income.
2. If below the current minimum wage, then the payment will be 11,163 rubles.
The minimum payment is provided to unemployed mothers and full-time students.
The minimum wage for 2020 is 11,280 rubles.
For 2020 it is 12,130 rubles.
| Duration of vacation | Minimum (RUB) | Maximum (RUB) |
| 140 days | 51 380 | 282 493 |
| 156 days | 57 619 | 314 778 |
| 194 days | 71 198 | 391 454 |
New benefit for the first child on maternity leave for up to 1.5 years
For a young family who decides to give birth to their first child, the state will provide financial assistance. Moreover, the payment is monthly and will be received until the first child reaches 1.5 years of age. This is how the authorities are trying to motivate citizens to increase the birth rate and at the same time reduce their financial burden.
The amount is calculated individually, depending on the region:
· 2020 – 10,520 rubles;
· 2019 – 10,840 rubles;
· 2020 – 11,140 rubles.
The amount corresponds to a fixed minimum subsistence level calculated per child in order to provide for his needs.
Families whose total income is below the 1.5 official subsistence minimums legally established per citizen will be able to receive such payments. Regions have their own indicators.
For example, benefits will be given to Moscow families whose total income is around or below 84,339 rubles.
How to calculate maternity benefits with a calculator?
A maternity leave calculator will free an organization or individual from the need to calculate independently. With its help, you can find out the monthly benefit for sick leave (pregnancy and childbirth), as well as payments for child care up to 1.5 years. The online maternity benefits calculator is absolutely free, and everyone has access to it. If you follow the step-by-step instructions for filling out the fields, the service will show payments to expectant mothers without errors.
- At the first stage of calculations, you should fill out information from the sick leave certificate. Periods of temporary disability and illness, if present, are also entered into the fields.
- Next, you need to accurately indicate the average monthly salary for the two years that preceded maternity leave.
- Then you need to click the “Calculate” button.
As a result, an individual will receive an accurate and reliable result, which will display a detailed calculation scheme. This is the amount a woman will receive during pregnancy and childcare. In order not to make mistakes in a complex accounting task, it is recommended to use a maternity leave calculator in 2020. It does not require specific knowledge and skills, so every citizen can understand the principle of its operation.
The online service uses the same formula that HR employees use in their calculations. Only it takes much longer to do it manually, and the result is not always correct. Thanks to the calculator, the risk of errors and omissions is minimized, so a woman can count on full payment of maternity funds without the slightest delay or shortage.
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Monthly maternity payments up to 1.5 years
The new initiative may subsequently affect the existing system of providing traditional financial assistance.
According to the law, the family is entitled to:
1. Working mothers (officially employed) will receive money calculated according to average earnings (the previous 2 years are taken into account). The maximum threshold is 24,000 rubles.
2. Income is equal to the minimum wage (12,130 rubles), then 3,200 rubles for the first-born, 6,330 rubles for the second, third, and also subsequent children.
3. Officially, non-working mothers are entitled to 3,200 rubles.
4. For the wives of conscripts whose husbands left to serve – 11,450 rubles.
5. Working female employees who suffered due to the unexpected liquidation of the enterprise must draw up a special statement. Send him to the local social security office, outlining the situation there. 12,500 rubles is the maximum payment due to them.
6. Unemployed. 3070 rubles – for the first-born, 6130 rubles – for the second and subsequent children.
The composition of the family and the status of the mother are important when calculating the amount of financial support due.
Expert opinion
Elena, 35 years old, 3 children
I am the mother of 4 children and I want to say that for my first child I received absolutely nothing. Since I didn’t work, we lived in the region. For her second child, she received payments of around 32 thousand, and was given a nominal job on a meager salary. Of course, I never dreamed of payments like in St. Petersburg)). To get a good salary for pregnancy in Russia, you need to either be a military wife, or earn decent money yourself before giving birth. Then the benefit will be tangible. And without maternity capital, it’s all just pennies).
Maternity benefit 1.5 – 3 years
Previously, deputies tried to introduce a bill supporting young mothers on a long three-year leave. So that they receive monthly money equal to the minimum wage (15 thousand). However, the proposal, without receiving a proper response, was rejected.
Today, payments due to mothers raising children 1.5-3 years old are meager, 50 rubles.
From January 2020 , families in need whose income does not exceed 2 minimum subsistence levels in the region will be able to count on tangible assistance for their firstborn and second child, but at the expense of maternal assistance. The amount varies by region. Learn more about the changes and social benefits.
Women who have had multiple pregnancies or live in places with dangerously high levels of radiation are paid more. Such citizens regularly receive (when the child is 1.5-3 years old) 6,000 rubles.
Payment amounts in 2020
The minimum wage and average daily earnings influence most payments for new mothers. The state has brought the amounts as close as possible to the subsistence level. Procedure for paying maternity benefits:
- Pregnant women who have officially worked for less than 6 months count on a payment of 35 thousand rubles. Citizens who transferred from one maternity leave to another receive the same amount.
- Women who were unemployed receive a payment of 630 rubles per month.
- Military women under the terms of a contract with the Russian army expect an amount of 35 thousand rubles.
- Full-time students receiving scholarships are tied to the payment of scholarship amounts. Therefore, their maternity leave amounts to 1.5 thousand rubles.
- Expectant mothers officially employed in any organization receive payments based on wages for the last two years. With a net salary of 40 thousand rubles, they will receive approximately the same for maternity leave.
To receive all the necessary payments for caring for a child who has already been born, the family needs to collect certain documentation. It includes an application form, birth certificate, certificate from the official place of work or study.
Mechanism for calculating maternity benefits
This is done by accountants who issue salaries and other monetary deductions to employees. Or social security. However, knowing the procedure for calculations, you can perform them yourself and estimate how much money a young mother is entitled to.
Women who are due to undergo maternity leave in the current year 2020 receive benefits according to their 2018-2019 income. Among them there are no leap days, so the base period is 730 days.
Procedure for calculating maternity benefits:
1. The salaries received by the employee in the past 2018-2019 are written out.
2. The results obtained are divided into a total of 730 days, this is how the average daily earnings are determined.
3. It is multiplied by the days of the upcoming maternity leave.
Example:
The woman had a normal birth, one child.
Her salary: in 2020 it was 680,000 rubles, and in 2020 it was 730,000 rubles.
(680,000 + 730,000 /730) x 140 = 270,411
140 days – duration of leave for mothers when childbirth is normal (no complications) 1 child.
It turns out that the employee will receive 270,411 rubles for the upcoming maternity leave. If among the 730 (2 years) days there was a period when he was temporarily not working, they will be deducted. Accordingly, the amount will decrease. All information is reflected in the accounting department.
Important! The total amount is not considered income received, so no tax is charged on it.
Therefore, the employee will receive her 270,411 rubles (following the example) clean.
Birth of first child
Needy families with a child will be able to receive regular benefits (every month). The amount is determined according to the cost of living accepted in the region where citizens live.
MK will become available after the birth of the first child.
One-time benefit for the birth of a child
This type of payment is provided to one of the parents. When 2 or more children are born, benefits are paid for each of them.
After indexation on February 1, 2020, you can receive a benefit in the amount of 17,479 rubles at your place of work or from the Social Insurance Fund. To obtain it, you need to collect a package of documents:
- application for benefits;
- child's birth certificate;
- a certificate from the other parent’s place of work stating that he does not receive this benefit;
- a certified extract from the work book or other document about the last place of work (if the benefit is paid by social security authorities);
- certificate of divorce (if such a fact exists).
This list of documents must be submitted within 6 months from the date of birth of the child.
Read also…. Toxicosis during pregnancy
Maternal capital
Officially, this program is active until December 31, 2021, but according to the new rules it will last until 2026. Therefore, families with 1 (or more) children will, by law, receive one-time financial assistance.
There are nuances:
· maternity capital does not apply to the firstborn, there is another benefit;
· if twins or triplets appear, the family receives a certificate as if 1 child was born;
· the amount of capital relating to one family is not limited (for example, 3 sisters have 2 or more children - each receives money separately);
· the family adopting children is also provided with capital if it is the second or more;
A family whose total income is below 1.5 times the established subsistence level can cash out MK (maternity capital) and turn it into a series of monthly payments.
Important! MK was indexed, so for 2020 its size became 466,241 rubles.
Plus to the State Duma 11.02. In 2020, a new bill was introduced on the payment of MK for the first child, and an additional 150 thousand for the second. Total = 616 thousand, the terms will be clear after the amendments are accepted.
Maternity capital is issued to the family not in cash, but with a certificate indicating the right to use the money.
The legislation establishes the directions for its use:
1. It is impossible to cash out MK completely. Citizens have the right to receive only part, as a lump sum payment.
2. The legality of the use of funds is controlled by the guardianship authorities. Money is issued by the state for children, so the main task of the family is to provide the minors with the best conditions. For example, selling an apartment purchased with maternity capital is only possible if certain conditions are met.
Where can you spend MK:
· improvement of existing living conditions (purchase of a house, renovation, construction);
· tuition fees (college or university for older child, kindergarten);
· social adaptation (if the child is disabled);
· payment for the accommodation of a child studying - a student (his dormitory provided by the institution);
· formation of pension (mother).
Incorrect use of capital is punishable by law. For example, fraudulent methods of cashing out, buying obviously cheap housing to save some money, etc.
The family can cover the down payment with maternity capital if they decide to take out a mortgage. How else is it used in terms of home improvement:
· Participation in the implementation of shared construction;
· Payment of interest or down payment on a new or previously taken mortgage;
· Buying an apartment/house/room for cash;
· Transfer of the entrance fee so that the family becomes part of the housing cooperative;
· The purchased housing must be located inside the Russian Federation;
· The new property is divided accordingly among everyone: the mother, her husband and, of course, the children ( the spouse has the right to refuse , the children do not);
· Child (second) age 3 years, exception – mortgage loan;
· Seller – a person who agrees to cooperate with government agencies responsible for MK;
· It is possible to purchase housing when the sellers are close relatives, but such transactions are monitored to avoid fraudulent schemes.
Moreover, citizens voice their plans for using these funds to the Pension Fund. And they provide the relevant documents there. If the organization gives the go-ahead, the deal will go through. MK funds are transferred by non-cash method to the account specified by the seller. The citizens themselves do not see capital money in cash.
Some families, in order to ease the burden of purchasing and improving their living conditions, will be able to invest in housing as well as a family mortgage; about the conditions here, assistance with a mortgage of 450 thousand will be available for large families.
