Labor activity today is recorded in all civilized countries. Citizens receive so-called experience, which will be useful to them in the future. This is sometimes called work experience. Today we will be presented with a special work experience. In addition, we will get to know the general work experience. What features do these components of modern human life have? What should you pay attention to first? Why, in principle, will you need work experience of one type or another? The answers to all these questions will be discovered further. In reality, figuring everything out is easier than it seems. Especially if you know the basics of Russian labor legislation.
Experience is...
The first step is to understand what we are talking about in principle. What is work experience called in Russia? Why is it needed?
Seniority is an analogue of experience. The length of service is the length of time a citizen engages in one or another work activity. In other words, these are periods during which a person was officially registered as an employee of a company or as an entrepreneur.
Experience in Russia varies. For example:
- general;
- special;
- continuous;
- insurance
A special feature of this period is the contribution to the Pension Fund. The employer or the citizen himself must make contributions to the Pension Fund into his individual account. If the state carries out a similar procedure, the period is considered an insurance period.
Reduction and liquidation
Sometimes it turns out that a person loses his job due to staff reduction or liquidation of the company. What to do then? How long can you look for a new job?
Continuous medical experience after the reduction or liquidation of an organization lasts 3 months from the date of termination of employment. A citizen has 90 days to find a new job. Again, it is very important to maintain employment in the medical field, otherwise there will simply be no continuity.
We can conclude that continuous experience in the field of medicine is not always lost after dismissal. This means that, under certain circumstances, you can hope for allowances and bonuses provided for by law.
Unfortunately, their exact sizes are difficult to calculate. There is a possibility that after the next employment, payments will either increase or decrease. But they are unlikely to remain unchanged.
Total experience
Now a little about what general experience is. This term is extremely important. Especially for future retirees.
What is it about? Total length of service refers to the total duration of a person’s work activity. In modern legislation of the Russian Federation there is no precise formulation of this term. What people often mean by work experience is its general appearance.
In addition, insurance periods that are accepted for work are counted towards the total length of service. It is precisely this system that is recommended for all citizens to use in modern Russia. Insurance periods will help you obtain the length of service necessary to assign a labor/insurance pension. This technique has become widespread throughout the country.
About non-working periods
Now a little about what is included in non-working periods that will be regarded as length of service. What periods of time allow you not to work officially, but still qualify for a labor pension?
Among these features are:
- military service (mainly for men);
- caring for a disabled person of group 1 or 2, a person over 80 years of age;
- raising a child up to 1.5 years old;
- time of receiving unemployment benefits;
- employment in public works;
- being in prison or under illegal detention.
It follows that it is not always necessary to officially work in order to be able to receive a pension. It is care for the elderly and children that is often used in practice. It is important to note that after the end of these periods, work activity must follow. Otherwise there will be no credit.
Work experience and length of service - what is more important in Poland? You will not believe
Most labor migrants, going to Poland, are interested in what exactly they should focus on in their resume: length of service or work experience.
Indeed, often these concepts, even within the same profession, do not coincide at all.
What is more important for representatives of certain professions who want to find a good job in this country? Let's look at this issue in more detail so that you can properly prepare for submitting your resume.
Work experience - general overview
Work experience in general is the sum of the knowledge and skills you have acquired while working in a particular profession. It is also often simplistically understood as the period spent in a certain position, but in reality these concepts are not identical.
After all, a person may work in one place for several years and not be able to solve the simplest problems, but at the same time, he may never formally work anywhere, but gain actual unique experience, this is often the case with photographers and programmers.
Work experience can, however, be further divided into two broad categories:
- received by you in a certain field;
- received directly while working in a certain company or in public service.
It is difficult to determine which of them will be more important in each specific case. For some employers, for example, only skills related to certain tasks or special programs may be of interest if they are emphasized in their industry.
But it also happens the other way around - the boss is concerned about the experience gained by the employee as a whole. This happens, for example, when working at large enterprises or when starting a new project.
Employment experience is the most important indicator when searching for a new place of employment, as it makes it possible to understand how trainable an employee is and how quickly he can process the information he needs. It is on this basis that one can determine most accurately whether a person will be useful in the chosen position or not.
Work experience - general idea
Work experience is the total amount of time during which a person was employed in a particular position and performed the duties assigned to him.
In addition to the time of employment at various enterprises, the length of work experience usually also includes the period of study at a university, military service, time spent on obtaining an academic title, the period devoted to caring for a disabled person or child, the time of receiving social benefits for disability, as well as receiving benefits in case of loss of job or the period during which the person remains in prison due to false accusations.
Work experience is usually taken into account when:
- pension calculation;
- determining the amount of sick leave;
- certification of certain categories of workers;
- accrual of other social payments.
Official work experience is calculated based on data on a person’s employment at a specific facility in accordance with labor legislation. The main problem for modern employed people is that only at some enterprises they are on staff, which means that the time they spend there cannot count towards their seniority.
In order not to lose the opportunity to indicate the level of proficiency in their own profession when applying for another job, especially in Poland, they have to indicate precisely their work experience in the documents. When choosing unofficial work, they have every right to do so.
What is more important for getting a job in Poland?
The importance of length of service or experience for successful employment in Poland will always depend on the specific position you are applying for. Ideally, you should be able to confirm that you have at least a minimum of experience (a year or more) and length of service.
The employer, however, in most cases, when considering a resume for employment in Poland, will first of all pay attention to the experience and useful skills that you have for the position for which you are applying.
So, already at the stage of writing a resume, you will need to talk about exactly what tasks you have coped with at your workplace, what additional advantages you have over other competitors and how you can be valuable to the company. And this all falls under the category of work experience.
By the way, if we are talking about representatives of such specialties as programmers, designers, photographers, then they may not have official experience as a concept. In this case, Polish bosses will rely on the provided portfolio for employment, as well as recommendations from past customers, this applies to all freelancers.
But migrant workers employed in medicine, teaching, and accounting will be forced to present their work experience.
Indeed, in such professions, the accreditation of a specialist and the presence of a certain certification often depends on him. To confirm it, it will be enough to provide an existing work record book or a certificate from the place of work. This rule is valid for representatives of all CIS countries.
Parting words to workers
Whatever your personal track record, when applying for a job in Poland, be very careful when describing your length of service and personal experience. It is important to present such information correctly. To do this, it is worth considering the following rules:
- In a resume for Poland, there cannot be abbreviations in the “experience” section. Please include full company names and positions.
- Don't forget that clarity and conciseness are encouraged in Polish CVs. When describing your achievements and experience, do not give detailed descriptions. Indicate point by point what you did, what your responsibilities were, and what the name of the position was. Don't write too much.
- Remember that Polish employers tend to check the information submitted by applicants. In view of this, do not write information that your former employer will not confirm.
- Be sure to focus not on general experience, but on specific results and achievements. They are the markers of your personal success.
- Use numbers. Indicate, for example, by what percentage you increased the efficiency of your own department, or how much profit your best project brought.
- When indicating experience and achievements, focus only on the one you received either in a specific field or in related ones. Remember - in European countries, people who have been busy for six months in various jobs are not always highly valued.
- However, do not be afraid to provide truthful information that you have already changed several businesses within the same profession. The opinion that a person who has worked for more than 3-5 years at one company without career growth is valuable to Western employers is illusory. Indeed, in practice, such people rarely have a wide professional level.
To summarize what has been said, we note that it is your experience and acquired skills that are the information that is your main advantage over other applicants. Your task is to present it competently. And then you will be able to prove that you are worthy of the best position at the company of your choice in Poland.
Source: https://poland1.top/rabota/opyt-raboty-i-stazh-chto-vazhnee.html
Special type of experience
It is impossible not to pay attention to such a concept as special work experience. It takes place in Russia. It is not used in official documents. However, when assigning a pension, this type of duration of work is still used.
The definition of “special work experience” indicates that this term characterizes the period of work in a specific industry, in some position established by the state. The list of possible works is strictly limited. Therefore, not all citizens have special work experience.
Who is awarded special experience?
And who has the right to it? As already mentioned, only limited activities fall under the characteristic of special. Therefore, not everyone has similar work experience. It doesn't come up that often in practice.
Today, special work experience will be accrued to the following citizens:
- people working in special working conditions (including those with disability of 1 or 2 groups received due to carrying out a particular activity);
- workers in hot shops;
- those involved in underground work;
- people who have benefits due to length of service (members of the armed forces, teachers, doctors, and so on).
No one else is eligible for this type of work experience. It is not difficult to guess that most often in practice we meet pensioners with length of service.
Insurance experience and work experience: what is the difference | difference
It is important for a personnel specialist to clearly understand the difference between employment and insurance experience. We tell you how they differ, where they are used, and provide a useful table of similarities and differences
What is the difference between work experience and insurance experience?
It is important for a personnel specialist to clearly understand the difference between employment and insurance experience. It is obvious if you carefully study the work book, which contains the person’s total employment history, but not always the insurance record.
This is due to the fact that periods of paid activity that are not work at the enterprise are included in the insurance period.
For example, parental leave for up to one and a half years is provided by insurance contributions, but is not included in the work book.
► Special work experience is
Today, the term “seniority” is becoming a thing of the past. It is used “the old fashioned way” while pension payments for work are valid before the introduction of compulsory social insurance in the country - that is, until January 1, 2002.
Obviously, it will not be possible to completely abandon the use of seniority in the coming decades.
For example, in May 2020, in Russia there were five 100-year-old working citizens paying insurance premiums, and many thousands of people who began working before 2002.
It is also necessary to take into account that the length of service in the civil service is taken into account, which gives the right to various bonuses, additional leave, etc. The concept of special work experience is also relevant - work in harmful or dangerous conditions, allowing early retirement.
A mixed length of service is possible, when both length of service in the civil service and activities in a commercial organization are taken into account. But continuity of experience now has almost no meaning, only for a very narrow circle of citizens (for example, residents of the Far North, doctors, etc.).
Previously, it was taken into account, for example, when calculating temporary disability certificates, etc., since 2007 it does not matter (since the entry into force of Federal Law No. 255 “On the provision of benefits ...”).
So, length of service is the duration of work, and insurance length is the duration of work with contributions to the Social Insurance Fund. This is the main difference, but there are others. For example, studies are taken into account in the work experience, but not in the insurance record.
What is included in the insurance period
The insurance period is the period of a citizen’s work activity, accompanied by contributions to the insurance fund. In addition to the time spent at the workplace, this includes other periods. Let's list them:
- Military service, including in the ranks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
- Parental leave for up to one and a half years. However, there is a nuance: the insurance period can only include three years of “maternity leave”, that is, parents with many children do not receive experience.
- Temporary disability, if it was provided by benefits, as well as caring for a disabled person.
- The period of unemployment registered at the territorial employment center.
- Participation in social work activities.
- The period required for transfer to a job related to relocation. This rule is only valid for government employees.
- The period of imprisonment is longer than the period determined by the court during the review of the case.
Receiving higher education is not included in the insurance period, because universities do not pay fees for students.
To classify these periods as insurance periods, they must end with work during which the fund received contributions. That is, if after university a young specialist becomes an individual entrepreneur and does not pay insurance premiums, the years of study will not be included in the length of service. This also does not include absenteeism and vacation received at one’s own expense.
General experience and insurance experience: the difference
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Where is insurance and work experience used?
The insurance period is the most important factor in calculating pensions. The unit of measurement is the month (from 2020 – the point). Both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the length of service are important - that is, both the duration of payment of contributions and their size.
Thus, from 2020, in order to receive a minimum pension, you must have 6 years of insurance experience. Further, this figure increases by a year every year, its growth will stop in 2024 at 15. In 2020, a pension reform took place in Russia; read what exactly has changed in the article in the HR Directory magazine:
► Everything you need to know about the 2020 pension reform in pictures and tables
If it is necessary to add periods not specified in the work book to the calculations, the citizen must present the relevant documents. However, the amount of contributions paid will also be taken into account: if it is lower than the accepted percentage of the minimum wage, the contributions will not be counted.
In addition, the insurance period is important for calculating sick leave. For an employee who has been paying contributions for 5 years, the disability benefit will be 60% of the monthly salary, 5-8 years - already 80%, more than 8 years - 100%.
Work experience is applied if a retiring citizen began working before 2002 and, accordingly, was not insured (Federal Law No. 173, paragraph 4 of Article 30 “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”).
Source: https://www.pro-personal.ru/article/1097960-18-m5-strahovoy-staj-i-trudovoy-staj-v-chem-otlichie
What is it needed for
What is the meaning of special work experience? We have figured out the formulation of this term. But it is not entirely clear why people are interested in this type of work. Why is it needed?
It's no secret that work experience is necessary:
- when calculating benefits;
- for registration of vacation and sick leave;
- when determining the right to certain benefits;
- when assigning a pension.
It is the latter scenario that interests the population most often. Special work experience allows the population to:
- receive an increased pension;
- acquire the right to a well-deserved rest before others.
However, in practice, such a scenario does not occur very often. The majority of able-bodied citizens do not have special experience. This is quite normal.
Calculus
How exactly are the periods under study calculated? General and special work experience are almost the same thing. Only the first term more fully characterizes the labor activity of a citizen. Despite this, the calculation of length of service in both cases is the same.
The thing is that the duration of labor activity is calculated in years, months, weeks and days. Most often, the total length of service is calculated in “year, month”. But it is always calculated by day.
The work book is used for calculations. It records all periods of a person’s labor activity. With the help of this document, special work experience, continuous and general, is calculated. But non-insurance periods are not indicated in the paper. To confirm them, you must provide various documents to the Pension Fund - certificates, birth certificates, military ID.
Insurance type of work activity
In fact, everything is much simpler than it seems. We have already become acquainted with the main terms important for retirement. But that is not all. You can often hear the term “insurance period”. What it is?
It refers to all periods in which the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in one case or another made contributions for a citizen. It follows that the insurance period is analogous to the general one. Similar terminology appeared in Russia in 2002. Since then there has been no general type of work activity.
Continuity
The types of special work experience are exactly the same as those of insurance. Today in Russia the following interpretations are found:
- continuous;
- discontinuous.
The first scenario used to play a huge role. The longer a citizen worked in the same company, the more varied benefits he received. For example, benefits and payments for continuous work experience increased. The citizen was also entitled to pension supplements.
But now in Russia everything is different. In 2007, special work experience (and general work experience too) of a continuous type lost its legal significance. From now on, it is needed only to speed up the length of service. In other words, the longer a citizen works in one of the previously listed areas, the faster he will receive the right to early retirement. And nothing more.
It follows that you should not strive too much for continuous work experience. There will be no additional bonuses from the state provided earlier. All periods of special work experience are now summed up (they are discovered using a work book), after which the resulting figure is taken into account and added to the total duration of labor activity by a particular person.
Engineering experience
The legal minimum is 3 years. But only the period after receiving the diploma is counted. If an individual works in parallel with receiving education on a part-time or full-time basis, such experience is not taken into account.
The exact list of specialties for which work is suitable for enrollment in engineering experience is not defined at the legislative level. As a rule, applicants are guided by the explanations of NOSTROY, according to which engineering experience includes work in the following positions:
- engineer;
- chief engineer;
- cost estimate engineer;
- surveyor engineer;
- masters;
- foreman;
- surveyor;
- site manager;
- head of the supply department.
It is important that the specialist’s job responsibilities comply with those specified in Art. 55.5-1 Civil Code of the Russian Federation requirements.
If a specialist has worked in several companies, they are listed in order from the last place of work to the first. The presence of engineering experience is confirmed by an employment contract, work book, order assigning new responsibilities to an employee, an extract from the service record or personal file, job description, service agreements.
About retirement
Now a little about how much you will have to work in a particular field to obtain the right to a retirement pension. This issue plays an important role in Russia. Recent reforms in the pension system were aimed at raising the retirement age and removing the right to retirement.
Today, to receive a pension, you must have at least 7 years of insurance experience. In addition, a citizen must have at least 30 pension points. They are accrued for each year worked or non-insurance period used.
However, after the reforms, in order to receive a pension by 2020, you will have to have 15 years of work experience. In addition, men will be required to retire by age 65, and women by age 60.
Special labor (insurance) length of service is calculated according to generally accepted rules. To be eligible for early retirement, a citizen must work in total for a certain amount of time in a particular field. For example, women have to have 20 years of service, men - 25. If such standards are reached before retirement age, you can apply for a pension. This right is granted only in relation to special work experience.
Work experience in specialty
In order to work in certain positions, it is necessary to confirm your work experience in the relevant specialty (work experience), that is, the duration of activity according to the qualification document. Such a document can be a diploma, certificate, certificate, etc. For example, to become a prosecutor of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, you must have at least 7 years of service (work) experience in the bodies and institutions of the prosecutor's office in positions for which class ranks are awarded (Part 4, Article 15.1 of Federal Law No. 2202-1 of January 17, 1992 "On the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation").
Read about how to calculate the corresponding type of experience and what documents confirm it in other articles on our website.
Estimate
What do you need for retirement?
What will it take to receive pension payments? This procedure is closely related to work activity. It is for this reason that people gain special work experience.
In fact, everything is extremely simple. To receive pension payments upon reaching a certain age or length of service, citizens must contact the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation at their place of registration with an application in the established form. It must indicate what kind of pension will be assigned to the person. It is noteworthy that a pensioner can only receive one type of payment. That is, labor or insurance. This is exactly what needs to be indicated.
For pension payments you will need to attach to your application:
- passport;
- TIN (if any);
- SNILS (required);
- details of the account to which the money should be transferred;
- work book;
- birth certificates of all children;
- marriage certificate (if available);
- military ID (if any);
- certificates indicating non-working periods that are counted towards the length of service;
- documents certifying benefits;
- Certificate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (if available).
In reality, everything is much simpler than it seems. Special length of service is included in the insurance (general) period. Therefore, this type of labor is not given enough attention in Russia. The significance of such experience is small if a citizen has not devoted his life to work in a particular field that allows him to gain special work experience.
How to get a job if you need experience.?????
During my last year at the institute, they gave me a work book and put a year of experience there as a “specialist.” After that, 12 years of real experience is worth it. Now I haven’t worked for a year, of which 6 months were spent fulfilling my dream - preparing and implementing a big trip, my husband and I looked for and found sponsors, which I consider also work, carried out our trip, and the remaining 6 months I enjoyed myself at home. Now again there is an opportunity to indicate the wrong length of service for this past year, so that the employer has fewer questions. Is it worth it?
Next question: Where to go? Previous question: Lawyers, help.
The Pension Fund refuses to count the length of service of a pioneer leader until the Resolution reads as follows: List of institutions, organizations and positions in which work gives the right to a pension for long service, annex to the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of December 17, No. N “On pensions for long service for workers in education and health care” and agriculture”, - to take into account periods of teaching activity that took place before January 1. Because of what is written in brackets, now everyone is being refused, but this is absurd!
Results
Now it is clear what special work experience is. The significance of this type of labor has lost its special significance in Russia. Only under certain circumstances does such work help to receive bonuses from the state. In other cases, special experience refers to part of the total duration of a person’s work. The only difference is that a citizen under such circumstances is engaged in a certain field of activity.
To gain overall experience, it is recommended to actively use non-working periods. In addition, in order to receive a retirement pension, you will have to work officially. All unofficial work will not be counted in the Pension Fund.
What affects the amount of payments
It is also important to understand what exactly affects payments for labor in medicine. It has already been said that there are no clearly established amounts to be paid to one degree or another to medical personnel. But there are factors that influence what the additional payment for continuous medical experience will end up being. This:
- employee's place of work;
- job title;
- time spent working in the medical field;
- salary.
The most significant point is the last one. And all the rest are just small factors on which the level of earnings an employee receives depends. True, in some cases all of the above indicators play the same role.
It turns out that the higher the salary, the greater the payment. And it is right. After all, all calculations are carried out as a percentage of the earnings received. This means that the bonus for continuous medical experience cannot be the same amount of money. Everywhere has its own salary. And the surcharge depends very much on it.
The length of continuous medical experience also plays a huge role. It is not difficult to guess that the longer an employee works, the higher the additional payments will be. Therefore, this point should not be overlooked either. It is this reason that becomes the main one when deciding on the further employment of a dismissed employee. You don’t really want to lose the bonus!
