Standard hours for a shift work schedule

IMPORTANT!

In connection with the situation with COVID-19 and the publication of Presidential Decree No. 206 of March 25, 2020 “On declaring non-working days in the Russian Federation,” the employer is obliged to provide employees with paid days off. If it is possible to switch to remote work and the employee does not mind, then an agreement must be concluded. If there is no opportunity to work remotely, and the employer forces you to write an application for leave at his own expense, he is breaking the law, the employee has the right to complain to the State Labor Inspectorate.

Some businesses or services, such as lifeguards, operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This approach is objectively necessary and socially significant. For commercial enterprises, this option of using the working time of their employees is also sometimes justified. For example, the property of an enterprise requires 24-hour security.

What is a shift schedule

IMPORTANT!

If your organization is operating during the quarantine period and employees are actually present at their places, then there is no need to make changes to the schedule. If the organization is not a continuous cycle enterprise or serving the population, then employees must stay at home in accordance with the presidential decree. The period of non-working days is subject to payment. In this case, the shift schedule does not need to be changed, the work is simply not performed, and the working time sheet will have to be filled out after the fact. Until now, HR specialists have not reached a consensus on what code to put on the report card. Some put code B (day off), some put code I (appearance). According to the editors, enterprises should develop and approve a separate code for this case, for example OND, so that there is no confusion in the future.

A standard daily work schedule for the entire team is not always beneficial for both the employer and the employees themselves. To ensure continuity of the production process, optimize the use of equipment and obtain maximum production volume, shift work is required in some cases. Typically, two-, three-, or four-shift schedules are established. For each shift, strict time frames are determined.

The legislative framework

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Article 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides the concept of shift work and the grounds for introducing a shift work schedule. The legislator attributes the following objective circumstances to the reasons for introducing shift work:

1. The duration of the production process associated with technological features, in which it is inevitable that the permissible duration of daily work will be exceeded. Or with the urgent need of society for the provision of certain services around the clock.

The labor legislation of the Russian Federation provides for several labor regimes, which are fixed by accepted internal rules or a collective agreement. The following types of work process by shift are distinguished:

• going to work on one shift;
• irregular output;
• schedule of flexible participation in the work process;
• replaceable circuit;
• method of keeping watch;
• partial or fragmented working day.

When to use

Most often, shift work mode is used when equipment downtime causes serious damage to the enterprise. If the work requires attentiveness, regular rotation of groups of workers is essential. This allows us to maintain quality at a high level, reduces the risk of industrial injuries and increases production volumes.

Shift work is also common in institutions providing emergency assistance: doctors, emergency workers, gas and fire services, police officers. At the same time, it is quite common, for example, for guards to have a shift work schedule.

Shift schedules: we make them according to samples

A shift schedule is a document that approves the duration and frequency of shift rotation. It is not normatively approved, it is drawn up in any form - and therefore often raises questions from personnel officers. As an example, let's look at the guards' work schedule (several options) and tell you how to implement it in an enterprise.

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Shift work requires more detailed recording of working time. To eliminate overtime, a shift schedule is drawn up: Art. 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation says it is impossible to oblige an employee to work two shifts in a row. In order to improve the efficiency of operations or equipment use, the following measures can be taken:

• increase the duration of the production process;
• divide workers into groups;
• distribute them among shifts;
• a month before the introduction of such an operating mode, familiarize them with the schedule.

The latter will be an addition to the collective agreement.

What does “shift work schedule” mean?

In this mode, the length of the working day varies throughout the week.

To comply with labor laws, the employer must provide a number of conditions. First of all, keep a summary record of working time and monitor that, if a shift schedule for 2020 is used, the limits for enlarged periods (month or quarter) are observed.

When establishing a shift, the following requirements must be observed:

• the maximum possible duration of a shift (according to Article 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• the minimum time for weekly continuous rest is 42 hours (according to Article 110 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
• definition of night shift - from 22:00 to 06:00.

Article 102 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation indicates the need for agreement between the employer and workers on the start and end times, as well as the total duration of work. If the organization has a union, its opinion should be taken into account when drawing up the schedule.

Let's see how we can calculate a sliding shift work schedule for guards in a kindergarten (sample - three guards, for 2020, February).

Typically, guards work 12 hours on weekdays (from 18.00 to 6.00) and 24 hours on weekends (when the kindergarten is closed).

Duration of work in shifts

With a flexible schedule, the shift should not exceed the duration limits established by Article 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

How long are you allowed to work per day in shift work?

For other categories, the indicator is calculated based on a norm equal to a forty-hour work week.

The “every day in three” work schedule for 2020 is quite common - the sample is given based on 4 workers, as of February 2019.

Next, as an example, consider the work schedule of guards (sample) - 4 people working on a “3 + 1” schedule (3 working days - 1 day off).

How to create a rotating work schedule (sample)

The guard shift schedule (sample for 4 people) might look like this:

The legislation does not provide for a unified form. In each organization, the personnel department compiles it individually. The main thing is that it contains the following data:

• FULL NAME. and positions of employees who will work in this mode;
• number of workers per shift;
• duration of duty;
• the order of their alternation;
• rest and meal breaks;
• acquaintance note.

The document is approved by the head of the enterprise. Communication to workers should be ensured at least one month in advance. If working conditions change significantly, the period is doubled.

Everyone must sign the document, thereby agreeing to the established regime. If you plan to periodically make changes to it, it is better to approve the schedule not for a year, but for a month. It is stored in the personnel service along with other orders for the enterprise.

If an employee is not satisfied with the workday routine, he can ask the employer to provide him with more comfortable conditions.

12 hour operating mode

In case of production necessity, managers can introduce a 12-hour working regime at the enterprise: below is a two-by-two shift schedule with a 12-hour working day (sample).

If an employee worked 168 hours in February with a 12-hour shift, then it turns out that he worked 9 hours (in accordance with the production calendar, the standard working time for February is 159 hours with a five-day shift). This must be taken into account when planning the rest of such an employee and calculating additional payments for overtime.

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Number of shifts and workers in them

If we talk about the time period of one shift, then the range of options ranges from 3 to 12 hours in one day. The number of shifts is set by the management of the enterprise and is determined by the specifics of the production process and the degree of workload. The shift schedule (can be found online, for example, in our article “Working time schedule”) is applied year-round or seasonally - during periods of increased demand for certain products. Social services operate in this mode all year round.

The number of workers on each shift is not limited. When drawing up the next shift schedule for 2020, the employer is obliged to take into account the opinion of the trade union and formalize the document as an annex to the collective agreement.

The updated work schedule (Article 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) is brought to the attention of each employee at least a month before implementation. The Labor Code categorically prohibits scheduling two or more shifts in a row for the same group of workers.

Example of a three-shift work schedule of 8 hours each

Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions dated 02.12.87 No. 194 “On the transition of associations, enterprises and organizations of industry and other sectors of the national economy to a multi-shift operating mode in order to increase production efficiency.” By virtue of the provisions of Art. 423 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, this normative act can currently be applied only to the extent that it does not contradict the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

The shift work mode is used in practice by industrial enterprises, enterprises and organizations of housing and communal services, trade organizations, and public catering enterprises.

Shift work mode

The introduction of shift work in an organization must be provided for by a collective agreement or internal labor regulations (Article 100 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

This scheduler is great for small companies to schedule shifts for their employees in a simplified manner.

Schedule generation process

The number of shifts, employees in them and the transition of employees from one shift to another are regulated by the shift schedule. When working at night, the shift is reduced by one hour. Some employees are allowed to work on night shifts only with their written consent. These categories include:

• young mothers whose children have not reached the age of three;
• disabled people or their parents (until they reach the age of majority);
• caregivers;
• single mothers or fathers and guardians of children under five years of age.

Watchmen's shift schedule, sample for 3 people

Using this sample, it is easy to draw up a shift schedule for guards (sample) for 4 people. The employer is obliged to develop work schedules for guards in such a way that the number of working hours per year does not exceed the established norm (1981 hours).

Three-shift work schedule of 8 hours, calculation example

The list of such employees is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, and the specifics of the working hours are determined in accordance with laws and other regulatory legal acts, local regulations, a collective agreement or an employment contract.

When creating shift schedules without using summarized working time recording, the following provisions of labor legislation must also be taken into account:

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· the duration of the working day (shift) immediately preceding a non-working holiday is reduced by one hour (Article 95 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);

· the duration of work (shift) at night is reduced by one hour (Article 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);

· the duration of weekly uninterrupted rest cannot be less than 42 hours (Art.

The needs of modern society dictate going beyond the standard working day to ensure maximum efficiency of enterprises and institutions. This article will discuss the conditions for drawing up and introducing a shift schedule, how to keep track of working hours, and the subtleties and nuances of the legislative design of shift work.

Two-by-two schedule with a 12-hour workday

When drawing up such a document, it is important to ensure that in the case of a summarized accounting of the working period there are no violations and it fully satisfies the requirements of the shift schedule (Article 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Let's give an example.

When working 12 hours a day, an employee works 30 / 2 × 12 = 180 hours in a month. Consequently, there is an overtime of 20 hours and it is necessary to comply with the number of days off during the week and month. The total number of working hours per month should not exceed 167. Another feature of the 2-by-2 work mode with a 12-hour shift is that the employee also works on official days off, i.e., on public holidays. At the same time, his work is paid according to the rules of Article 153 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Types of shift work

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Double shift work

There are two shifts, usually “day”, “evening” or “night” (with 12 hour work), the total time of which usually does not exceed 16 hours. A continuous schedule of two 12-hour shifts is often employed. As a rule, with a 12-hour shift, work occurs in two shifts: 08:00 - 20:00 - day shift 20:00 - 08:00 - night shift

Three-shift work (four-team schedule)

For continuous production with a large number of workers, the “four-team” work scheme is considered optimal. The workers are divided into four teams, and every day three teams work, each on its own shift, and one rests.

Attention

In the latter case, if for an employee this regime differs from the general one in the organization, reflect this fact in the employment contract (Article 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). To do this, enter into an additional agreement with the employee to the employment contract on changing the working hours (Art.

72 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). If there is a list of employees for whom part-time working hours apply, make changes to the organization’s internal documents, for example, an appendix to the collective agreement.

An employee who works part-time works less than others. His work is paid in proportion to this time (or depending on output).

Shift work

Shift work is provided when the production cycle is continuous and workers cannot perform labor functions during an eight-hour day.

For citizens working in shifts, a special rest period may be allocated, financial compensation may be paid, and the working day may be reduced by an hour. A shift schedule differs from a flexible schedule, in which workers rotate through each other throughout the day or day.

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A shift is a schedule in which the time period can fall on a day, a week or a month. For example, a watchman works for 24 hours and rests for three days.

The operating mode is divided into two types:

1. Two shifts, characterized by daytime and evening periods.
2. Three shifts, divided into hours during the day, evening and night.

Registration of a shift schedule is required in enterprises where continuous production is necessary.

Current legislation does not establish a strict list of organizations. Issues are resolved by the manager in each specific case, but workers are introduced to the schedule for the month. Otherwise, this is considered as untimely notification of adjustments to labor conditions and is considered non-compliance with the law.

The shift work schedule is regulated by the Labor Code, namely Article 103.

This schedule is used in those enterprises where constant productivity is required, and any suspension of work may cause undesirable consequences for workers and others.

Such organizations are:

1. Enterprises of a continuous production cycle, which include the chemical, metallurgical, woodworking, food, and automotive industries.
2. Organizations that provide emergency assistance. This number includes medical, law enforcement, and emergency services. Continuous activity refers to the fact that it is not planned and depends on situations that require a quick response. These are situations associated with accidents, crime, and injuries.
3. Companies that sell goods: supermarkets, catering, canteens, restaurants.
4. All types of transport enterprises that operate continuously to ensure the movement of people and goods. Trams, trolleybuses and metro are exceptions.
5. Enterprises where the production cycle can ensure efficient use of equipment and labor.

The list of enterprises is not closed.

What standard hours for a shift work schedule is established using summarized accounting?

Due to production needs (for example, if employees work in shifts or the length of the production cycle does not allow it to be completed in one shift), the employer can use summarized accounting of labor hours. In this case, the accounting period when calculating time worked can be a month, quarter or year. Its maximum duration cannot exceed a year. In the event that employees are employed in production characterized by harmful and/or dangerous working conditions, the duration of the accounting period is reduced to 3 months.

With this approach to labor standardization, the duration of a work shift may differ from the normal value either up or down. To ensure that the total number of hours worked does not exceed the standards established by law, it is necessary to constantly monitor the number of hours worked by employees during the accounting period and, if necessary, adjust their work schedule towards reducing working hours.