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20.08.20192349
When preparing a report, essay, coursework, diploma or other written work, it is important not only to conduct high-quality research, write competently about the identified patterns and conclusions drawn, but also to correctly format your work. Otherwise, mistakes made will lead to the return of the work even without reading it. Teachers and other persons assessing the quality of abstracts (reports, etc.) are always attentive to details and strictly evaluate the design. The first thing they see when they receive a job is the title page. It is from this that the general impression is created, and if the “title” is prepared with errors, no one will read the text itself. How to avoid such problems will be discussed further.
First page
There are developed rules that recommend how to write the title page of an abstract according to GOST. Freshmen should pay attention to them, especially before the first session. This topic is not difficult. In addition to the general rules and GOSTs, there are methodological instructions that cover in detail the topic of how to correctly design a title page.
Example of title page design
The preparation of the abstract should begin with the study of GOSTs. Each university develops its own teaching aids, which contain an example of a title page for a student’s work. You should carefully study the manuals.
The first page of the work is usually designed in a style that is designed for these purposes. Each student must adhere to the standards that indicate how to properly format the title page.
Important! The first page is always a presentation of the student's entire work. It can create both a positive and negative impression on the teacher.
The thing is that if the title page of an essay at a university is formatted incorrectly, the teacher will not even read the text, but will simply return it for revision.
There are two samples of scientific work:
- The first is called “Report on Research”. Its number is 7.32-2001. It relates to scientific work. This section of GOST describes in detail all the conditions for preparing a report, and what information it should contain.
- The second is called the “Unified System of Design Documentation”. Its number is 2.105-95. This document is distributed not only in the Russian Federation, but also in the CIS countries. It regulates the preparation of documents: the format of the main sheet, how to write the name of the university, personal data of the student and the inspector.
If you design the title page of the essay according to GOST, the teacher will have less chance of returning it for revision.
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How to fill out income codes
An individual’s income includes all payments in cash and in kind, as well as material benefits.
Income in the 2-NDFL certificate is indicated in the context of each month. If the employee had several types of income
paid by the enterprise, then each income is indicated under its own code given in Appendix No. 1 to the Order of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation dated September 10, 2015 No. ММВ-7-11 / [email protected] (the most common):
- dividends – “1010”;
- salary – “2000”;
- production award – “2002”;
- payment under a civil contract – “2010”;
- vacation pay – “2012”;
- sick leave benefit – “2300”.
Basic Rules
Of course, the university administration can put forward its own demands and approve them in teaching aids. But there are general developed rules on how to design the title page of an abstract. First of all, you should set the dimensions of the sheet margin.
Sample title page
The indentation should be like this:
- right – 15 mm,
- left – 30 mm,
- at the top – 20 mm,
- below – 20 mm.
Important! To be on the safe side, you can check this information with your teacher, as he has the right to change it. Even if it goes against accepted design standards.
Basic information found on the home page:
- Country (sometimes this information is not required).
- Name of the department. It can be full or abbreviated. This should be clarified with the inspector.
- Discipline.
- Topic title.
- Basic information about the student.
- The type of training form used (day hospital, correspondence course, evening course).
- Information about the reviewer, his name, and his position.
- City.
- Year.
Sample title page
Elements of the presentation page of the work:
- Information about the educational institution. They must be indicated in full, without abbreviations, at the top of the page. When entering information, a regular font is used; writing in capital letters is allowed. But this is not a prerequisite. The phrase is located in the center.
- The department name should be written using Times New Roman, size 14. It should be centered. To differentiate it from the name of the university, you can draw a line.
- The topic name is located in the middle of the page. The font is already in use 18. When writing the topic, a bold font is used.
- When entering information about the person checking, the text should be placed on the right edge. Be sure to indicate the reviewer's position.
- Data regarding the year the work was written and the city are centered on the page.
Digression is an important point when writing a paper. If we take into account GOST, then 1.5 cm is indented on the right, and 2 cm on the left.
Sample title page of an abstract
When completing the first page, students look for an example of already completed work. The sample is downloaded from the Internet, but how correct it is should be checked by comparing it with GOST standards. The work of other students should not be used as an example, as it is easy to copy someone else's mistake.
We must not forget that even though the numbering starts from the first page, there should not be a number on the title. Not a single GOST recommends which font should be used when writing. The most common is Times New Roman. Sometimes 18 point is used.
The text is typed in black. If a student does not know exactly how to correctly format the title page of an essay, then you need to contact your teacher at the department for clarification.
Since the main page presents all the work, you need to type it without errors, correctly, in accordance with the general requirements:
- No spelling errors.
- Full provision of information.
- Compliance with GOST standards.
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Procedure for preparing the title page of an abstract
To begin with, you can conditionally divide the A4 sheet into 4 parts. These are the top, center, right and bottom parts, and in each of them you need to adhere to certain requirements.
At the top, in capital letters in the center, it is written: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RF. On the next line is written the name of the university and below the name of the department in quotation marks.
The second part is located in the center of the A4 sheet. Here the word “ABSTRACT” is written only in capital letters, and after it the subject and topic of the scientific work is indicated. For example:
For the third block, you need to align to the right, where the data of the students (group, full name) and the inspector (position and full name) is written. The position of the teacher must be indicated.
And the last, fourth block is placed at the very bottom of the page and must be aligned in the center. The city in which the educational institution is located and the year the abstract was created are indicated here. The example shows that only the name of the city and the year are written. It is very important to note that the period is not placed anywhere.
It is worth remembering: if the essay is due at the end of December, then you need to indicate the next year.
General Tips
To control the mastery of the topic, teachers ask students to write essays on the questions covered. When completing a task, you have to study the subject in more detail, increasing your level of education.
The work should have a clear structure, from the introduction to the final part. It’s good when the text is diluted with diagrams, diagrams, and tables. The student not only researches the topic, but also can express his point of view on the issue under consideration.
Title page requirements
An abstract is a written text that covers a topic using multiple sources. It is drawn up on A4 paper. You can write by hand or type on a computer. The font size used is 12/14 and the name is Times New Roman.
Be sure to maintain line spacing and margin indents. The title never ends with a period. The text is located on one side of the sheet. The entire abstract must be numbered. The title page is included in the numbering, but no mark is placed on it.
The student must provide a list of sources in order of importance:
- basic,
- periodicals,
- Internet.
To receive a positive grade, the student must fully consider the topic, research it, and give examples. The work is carried out according to plan and formalized according to established rules. On the main sheet, the student indicates all the key points: what topic is being covered, who wrote it, for which department, who will check the work.
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Rules for calculating a passenger car waybill
Time has passed, neither you nor the drivers have any tickets. Fuel and lubricants are used up. This means he needs to be written off. And what documents can confirm. that fuels and lubricants were used in production? Waybill. Only this document is the basis for the accounting department to write off fuel and lubricants.
The waybill indicates the speedometer readings and fuel consumption indicators. the exact route is indicated, confirming the production nature of transportation costs.
For motor transport enterprises (ATP, car depots), which receive income from providing their trucks for the transportation of goods, to carry out some contract work from the customer, the main document is the waybill.
Settlements with the customer are made only on the basis of the waybill, i.e. with those. to whom the work was performed, fuel and lubricants are written off according to it. it is used to calculate the driver's wages.
The waybill consists of two parts and contains a tear-off coupon. This tear-off coupon is the basis for issuing an invoice to the customer for payment by the owner of the vehicle. The invoice is issued along with this coupon, completed, of course.
The same information about the operating time of this vehicle as in the tear-off coupon should also be on the main waybill, which remains with the company that owns the vehicle.
And together with the waybills, these waybills must be kept in the accounting department for five years.
Now let's look at how to fill out waybills for a passenger car used for official purposes in the management of an enterprise. It is the basis for writing off fuel and lubricants.
Basically, in small enterprises, waybills are written out and filled out by the driver himself, or someone can be appointed by order. This, of course, will be more correct and objective.
The waybill must be filled out on all points; number and date of issue of the sheet, seal of the company that issued the waybill, route of official use of vehicles. The reverse side shows the mileage.
We look at the speedometer readings at the end of the current day. For mileage (mileage) on the back of the waybill.
Let's look at an example:
- The driver of the official vehicle handed over the waybill, which reads: Waybill No. 13.
- Date: Issued for the period from May 01 to May 05, 2011.
- The remaining fuel at the end of the previous day, this is at the beginning of May 01, was 18 liters,
- It was issued for this period, i.e. from May 01 to May 05 30 liters
- Normally used
- The actual fuel balance at the end of the day, i.e. at the end of May 05 12 liters
- The mileage is reflected on the back of the waybill: 312 kilometers.
Here are the actual data. It is necessary to determine the gasoline consumption rate for a mileage of 312 km. And
Actual consumption for this mileage.
The rate of gasoline consumption is determined as follows: Take the car’s mileage in kilometers and multiply it by the rate of gasoline consumption in liters per 100 kilometers, and divide the result by 100.
For example, let’s assume that a given car brand has a 100 km limit. mileage is 11 liters.
This means: 312 km. x 11 liters = 3432 / 100 = 34.32 liters. This is the norm for this car at 312 km. mileage 34.32 liters.
Now let’s calculate how much the driver actually spent on this mileage:
Actual gasoline consumption is determined as follows: The remaining gasoline at the beginning of the day is added to the amount of fuel actually dispensed, and the remaining gasoline at the end of the day is subtracted
This means: the balance at the beginning of the day is 18 liters + 30 liters issued - the balance at the end of the shift is 12 liters = 36 liters.
It follows: The waybill must be filled out as follows:
- The balance at the beginning of the day (upon departure) is 18 liters.
- 30 liters issued
- Consumption rate 34.32 liters
- Actual consumption 36 liters
- Remaining at the end (at entry) 12 liters
- Excessive fuel consumption (in this situation) - 1.68 liters
How is overspending or savings determined? We take the actual consumption and compare it with the consumption rate. If the actual consumption is more than the norm, it means overspending, but if less is actually spent than the norm, then, of course, there is a saving.
In this situation: actual consumption is 36 liters - the norm is 34.32 liters = 1.68 liters. Overspending
Overspending is usually attributed to the driver. Perhaps during the next shift he will save this amount and everything will even out. This is usually what happens. Either overspending or saving. Work situation.
Waybills must be filled out for all vehicles. Because they are the only ones used to write off fuel and lubricants. even if it's the director's car.
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