Why 100% prepayment is more profitable than cash on delivery

Employer Opportunities

Not all categories of employees can count on 100% payment of sick leave benefits. This is due to the fact that funds from the Social Insurance Fund are directly dependent on the experience developed by the specialist. These issues are regulated by Art. 7 of the Law on Social Insurance No. 255-FZ.

A natural question arises: for what length of service is 100% paid sick leave ? It is worth noting that the employer has the opportunity, at his own request, to give the employee a benefit increased to the average amount of his salary. But there are other cases when such benefits must be paid in full.

First, you need to understand the general provisions regarding the calculation of benefits due on sick leave.

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About general principles

Reasons for paying sick leave

Not all employees are entitled to full sick leave pay. This circumstance is regulated by the Social Insurance Fund depending on the length of service. The question automatically arises: “At what length of service is sick leave paid at 100%?”

It happens that an employer has the opportunity to pay extra for an employee on sick leave up to the average salary. But there are a number of other cases when the benefit is paid in full. To do this, it is worth understanding the general principles when calculating earnings.

Cash is paid upon the occurrence of the following insured events:

1. When an employee receives a work-related injury.
2. If it is necessary to care for a close relative when the latter loses his or her ability to work.
3. If the employee is on sick leave.
4. If you have to stay with a child under 7 years old due to quarantine in kindergarten.
5. The employee is prescribed prosthetics for medical reasons.
6. The employee must undergo treatment at a sanatorium.

In the above cases, full payment for absence from work is not provided. The main thing that the employer must do is to regularly make contributions to the Social Insurance Fund, and for each specific employee individually. The amount of payment for being on sick leave is directly proportional to the time worked at a given enterprise.

General rules

Payment of the amounts due on sick leave occurs upon the occurrence of certain cases specified in the law (social insurance agreement). So, in the 100% cases listed below, sick leave payment may not take place and may be less:

Articles on the topic (click to view)

• Is sick leave considered income?
• What to do if you have extended sick leave for pregnancy and childbirth
• What to do if your employer does not accept electronic sick leave
• What to do if you are not given sick leave
• How many days does it take for sick leave to arrive from the Social Insurance Fund?
• What to do if the place of work is not indicated on the sick leave
• Are sick leave taken into account when calculating maternity leave?

• an employee is injured;
• the employee is sick;
• a person is caring for a sick or disabled family member;
• the employee himself or his child (he must be under 7 years of age) is forced to stay at home in quarantine;
• the employee received prosthetics according to medical indications;
• The specialist is being treated in a sanatorium-type institution.

In all of the above cases, even if 100% sick leave is not paid, the main condition for the employee to receive money is his employer’s contributions to the Social Fund. insurance of Russia. In practice, this is done for every person officially employed by the company.

As for the amount of payment, the determining factor in its calculation is the employee’s length of service.

Confirmation of experience

Depending on the basis for performing work at the enterprise (contract, employment agreement, temporary employment agreement), a mandatory package of documents is filled out in relation to the employee. And the fact of performing official duties is reflected in the work book. Alternative papers (instead of a work book) that will be needed to pay for sick leave include:

• employment agreement;
• order from the head of the enterprise to hire an employee;
• a certificate from the bank confirming the existence of a financial account and the regular transfer of wages to it.

In addition, you need to know that the following types of work performed are taken into account for the insurance period:

• military service;
• all types of work with drawing up a contract;
• any activity that requires mandatory life insurance for an employee.

When sick leave is paid 100 percent

The Law on Compulsory Social Insurance No. 255-FZ provides for several such cases. Separately, we note the cash payment due to a woman due to pregnancy and childbirth. It must also be accrued in the amount of the full average salary.

Information on the length of service for which sick leave is paid – 100% for 2016 – is presented in the table.

Also see

“How sick leave for child care is paid according to the new rules.”

As can be seen from these data, 100 percent sick pay for a person with an experience of 8 years or more is due to a person if he has suffered an illness or injury, as well as the illness of his child or another family member in need of care. However, when sick leave is received in connection with the illness of a relative, they do not always pay for all the days on which the employee was released from performing his work duties.

They also take into account the base limit for insurance contributions to the Social Fund. insurance for a specific period. Therefore, even if we assume that the length of service will pay for sick leave 100 percent , the final accrual on the sheet may be less than your expectations.

To whom, when and after how many years is this percentage paid?

To begin with, let’s immediately clarify that all calculations here are relevant for those situations when an employee fell ill and was unable to go to work. Read below about how it is calculated and calculated, when and in what percentage it is paid according to the sheet, and whether it is possible to receive benefits not for illness in a 100% amount.

So, how many years do you need to work to receive 100 percent benefits? There is a general rule within which 100% of the benefit is paid - if the employee’s work experience is more than 8 years .

In addition, there are a number of situations in which 100 percent of the benefit must be paid, regardless of the employee’s length of service. There are two such situations:

1. if the employee was injured at work or temporarily disabled due to the fault of the employer;
2. if an employee who has worked for the company for more than 6 months goes on maternity leave to give birth or care for a newly born child.

Now you know how many years you need to work for benefits to be paid at 100 percent, and in what cases this is necessary.

How many days are paid on the sheet at 100%?

How many days of sick leave can be paid and what is the maximum? In the event of an employee’s illness, and not for other reasons, the employer is obliged to pay for all days of temporary incapacity for work of the employee. In return, he may require the employee to provide convincing documentary evidence that he really could not go to work.

There is another reason to issue benefits - outpatient care for a child. In this case, the calculation system changes slightly: the first 10 days of absence are calculated based on the employee’s length of service, and from the 10th day the benefit is paid in a fixed amount of 50% of the employee’s average monthly income.

Determining the average daily earnings

Average daily earnings are determined by the formula (clause 3 of Article 14 No. 255-FZ):

When calculating benefits, salary information for the two years preceding the one in which the employee fell ill is used. That is, when paying sick leave in 2020, data for 2020 and 2016 is taken for calculation. At the same time, income for the year exceeding the limit cannot be included in the calculation base. This value is established annually by the Government of the Russian Federation and is the limit for calculating insurance contributions to the Social Insurance Fund. We present the values ​​in the table:

If the employee’s annual income in the billing period significantly exceeded the limit values, then it is obvious that 100% sick leave payment will be significantly lower than normal earnings for the same period.

A minimum size has also been established for the calculation base. It is 24 times the minimum wage in effect on the date of onset of the disease.

Delivery agreement with 50/100 percent advance payment

The supply agreement may provide for:

1. Postpayment: funds are transferred after the transfer of property.
2. Prepayment:
   full (100%) prepayment;
3. partial (50% or other percentage) prepayment.

It is necessary to take into account that:

• the deadline for making an advance payment is subject to determination in the contract, and if it is not defined, then the advance payment is made within 7 days from the date of presentation of the requirements for its payment, unless otherwise established (clause 2 of article 314, clause 1 of article 487 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) ;
• if the buyer does not make an advance payment, the supplier may suspend delivery or refuse it (clause 2 of article 328, clause 2 of article 487 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);
• if the buyer made an advance payment and the supplier did not deliver the goods, then the buyer may demand delivery or return of the money paid (clause 3 of Article 487 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);
• on the amount of the prepayment for which the goods are not delivered, interest is accrued under Art. 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: as a general rule, from the date when the delivery should have taken place until the actual delivery or refund;
• if this is established by agreement, the period for accrual of interest can be determined from the date of the prepayment (clause 4 of Article 487 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

Example of calculating disability benefits

Average daily earnings will be:

Expert opinion

Lebedev Sergey Fedorovich

Practitioner lawyer with 7 years of experience. Specialization: civil law. Extensive experience in defense in court.

The experience is more than 8 years, so benefits are paid in the amount of 100% of average earnings. 8 days of sickness are subject to payment. The sick leave payment will be:

If Ivanchenko S.S. did not get sick and continued to work, then for the same period his salary would be:

• 21 - number of working days in April 2020;
• 6 - the number of working days during the period of illness.

Thus, due to illness, the employee lost more than 6,700 rubles in income.

The legislative framework

Providing days off due to temporary disability is regulated by various regulations. It is important to know the essence and content of these documents in order to be legally savvy in various issues.

This is important to know: Are sick leave included in the payroll?

Legislative framework for the provision and payment of sick leave:

1. Labor Code of the Russian Federation, approved on December 30, 2001. In particular, we are talking about article No. 183. According to it, all employees have the right to compensation for time of incapacity;
2. Federal Law of Russia No. 255 “On compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity” dated December 29, 2006.

In these regulatory documents you can find answers to the following questions:

• who is eligible to receive funds;
• how much benefits are paid;
• what rights do insured persons have;
• for what period is payment provided;
• what are the conditions for terminating or reducing the payment of compensation?

Sample contract for the supply of goods with prepayment

The concept of a supply agreement is given in Art. 506 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). According to this norm, this agreement is concluded between the supplier (seller), who is an entrepreneur, and the buyer, who will use the supplied property to make a profit or for other purposes not related to personal needs. Wherein:

• the contract obliges the supplier to transfer the property within a certain period or periods;
• the property may be produced by the supplier or purchased from third parties.

In the doctrine, prepayment means the payment of a partial payment towards the total payment amount before delivery of the goods, which guarantees the supplier that payment for the goods will be made. In the Russian Federation, the conclusion of supply agreements that provide for prepayment is quite common. In this case, the amount of the advance payment reaches several tens of percent, and sometimes the full amount of the cost of the goods.

A sample agreement for the supply of goods with an advance payment of 50/100 percent can be downloaded from the link: Agreement for the supply of goods with an advance payment - sample.

Art. is devoted to advance payment for goods. 487 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, relating to general provisions on purchase and sale agreements and applied to supply relations by virtue of clause 5 of Art. 454 Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

How many years do you need to work to receive 100% compensation?

There were no changes in legislation in 2020 regarding the calculation of temporary disability benefits. The amount of payment depends on the average salary and professional experience. If a person has worked for less than 5 years, then he is entitled to 60% of his earnings.

If the length of service varies between 5-8 years, then you can count on a benefit of 80% of your salary. If a citizen has worked for more than 8 years, then payment for a temporary disability certificate will be 100%. It should be noted that some changes are envisaged in the future.

For example, it is likely that the length of service threshold for receiving benefits in the full amount of salary will be increased to 8.5 years or more. Similarly, the conditions for receiving payments in the amount of 60% and 80% will be changed. The Russian Ministry of Labor has developed a document according to which only persons who have worked for more than 15 years can count on 100% sick pay.

If the experience is less than 8 years, then the benefit will be 60% of the average salary. But this project caused rejection in society and was recognized by the State Duma as inappropriate. Therefore the proposal was rejected.

It should be noted that there are situations when 100 percent of sick leave is paid, even in the absence of eight years of experience, these include the following:

Will it be possible to avoid 100 percent payment for housing and communal services?

Author Lyubov Savitskaya

22.02.2005 01:15

Economics » Rules of the game » Monopolies

At rallies and protests, calls against the “monetization of benefits” are replaced or supplemented by slogans against 100 percent payment for housing and communal services. “100% payment for housing and communal services is the death of pensioners!” - the posters rightly say. Let us remind you that by decision of the government, from March 1, full payment by citizens for housing and utilities will be introduced throughout the country.

2 shared

The housing and communal services reform, which implies a transition to full payment for housing and communal services by the population, has become one of the long and painful ones for the majority of Russians. The government, having announced the reform at the beginning of the century, explained its need by references to Western experience, as well as the deterioration of the housing and communal infrastructure, for the modernization of which, as always, there is not enough money. And, naturally, we are to blame for this - ordinary residents who pay too little for amenities.

Even for those inexperienced in economics, it is quite obvious that this formula consists of complete myths. Firstly, any analogies with Western experience are inappropriate here. Arguments that citizens abroad pay up to half of their salaries for housing are undermined by the incomparability of their incomes with the Russian average. The difference is an order of magnitude. At the same time, consumer prices are quite comparable.

Another important nuance: energy-saving technologies in Russia, unlike European countries, are not held in high esteem. Everything falls on the consciousness of an individual Russian, who cannot always afford to spend 20-40 thousand rubles on PVC windows, on apartment renovations, in order to seal all the cracks (of which even new houses abound). And abroad, in countries where the climate does not indulge in constant warmth, all these things are provided for at the construction stage. Energy-saving technologies save from 40 to 60%! This is the secret to the profitability of housing and communal services.

Hence the second myth - the unprofitability of housing and communal services in Russia. This rule usually applies only if the amenities are managed by government agencies, for which the words “profit” and “economic efficiency” are nothing more than abstractions.

But there are examples (unfortunately, very few) when housing and communal services for citizens passed into the hands of private companies. As a rule, in this case, the municipal authorities set a strict condition on the tariff policy - not to burden residents again.

And the residents only benefited - both in quality and in money. Installation of in-house and intra-apartment meters for water, heat and gas consumption is already a standard set of opportunities for optimizing housing and communal services costs. In addition, excellent economic results in a number of regions were achieved by abandoning central heating and switching to water heating devices or mini-CHP. The savings for residents are significant. Plus, guaranteed warmth in the house.

At the same time, private housing and communal services bring profit. Small, at the level of 5-15% (according to the magazine “Profile”) - but everything is better than the same unprofitability of their municipal colleagues (according to 2003, 60% of housing and communal services enterprises are unprofitable). However, there is no one to blame for the slow pace of privatization of housing and communal services. The problem is that this industry is considered risky and requires significant investment.

In any case, the current deplorable state of the “state” housing and communal services is, first of all, problems in managing this economy. In Russia, by inertia, they try to overcome any difficulties with additional burden on the consumer.

Since January 1 of this year, many regions have increased tariffs for housing and communal services. According to the head of the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Public Utilities (formerly Rosstroy) Vladimir Averchenko, a further rise in prices is coming. Tariffs for housing and communal services during 2005. in relation to prices as of December 31, 2004. will grow by another 25-27%.

Averchenko emphasized that the housing stock of the Russian Federation is in critical condition, and the housing and communal services infrastructure is worn out by 45-65%. According to his data, at least 1.2 trillion rubles are needed to modernize the housing and communal services system. But it will not be possible to collect this money from the population everywhere. In at least 20 regions, tariffs for electricity and housing and communal services exceed the federal standard. In these regions, the authorities have exhausted the reserves of citizens' solvency, and the situation is critical, Averchenko said.

In the face of these facts, even former supporters of the speedy introduction of 100% payment for housing and communal services say that this measure is premature.

For example, Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov, who unexpectedly became one of the most ardent fighters against “anti-people reforms,” declares that he does not intend to transfer the population to a 100 percent payment for housing and communal services within the time frame established by the Russian government. But back in the spring of 2001, the mayor somewhere found 32% of Muscovites who were supposedly ready to pay for their housing in full.

One of the ideologists of the housing and communal services reform, head of the Ministry of Economic Development German Gref, also changed his public point of view. “To do this, it is necessary to carry out colossal organizational work in the country,” Gref now says, noting that it was he who insisted on refusing to introduce 100% payment for housing and communal services from January 1, 2005.

Chairman of the Federation Council Sergei Mironov also considers the transition to 100 percent payment for housing and communal services to be premature, RIA Novosti quotes Mironov.

There is hope that parliamentary senators will block the widespread introduction of full payment for housing at the level of government decision. Locally, in a number of regions, 100 percent payment is already collected. And the housing and communal services sector there, not surprisingly, is not thriving.

Discuss

What documents are needed to confirm your experience?

To count on 100% sick pay, you need to confirm your length of service. This is usually done using a work book. This document is issued as soon as a citizen begins official work. All information about the work is entered into it.

There are often situations when there is no information about certain periods of work, the reasons for this may be different:

1. loss of document. In this case, a new work book is created the next time you apply for a job. There is no previous data in it;
2. the work book was filled out incorrectly, contains incorrect information, and therefore it is impossible to determine the exact length of service from it;
3. the former employer did not formally register the employee; the work book was not kept.

Therefore, to confirm the experience, the following documents are additionally used:

• labor and civil contracts;
• certificates issued by the employer, government agencies at the request of the employee;
• personal accounts with statements (for wages);
• pay book;
• a certificate from the Social Insurance Fund confirming full payment of the insurance premium;
• extracts from orders;
• union card with registration card;
• other types of documents that indirectly or directly provide information about experience.

If there is no work book, then the above documents have legal force only on the condition that contributions to the relevant social funds were deducted from the salary.

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Required documents

The main document confirming the employee’s length of service and the start date of his work is the work book. However, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, an employee can work without a work book. Therefore, there must be additional measures that provide for the absence of TC. Such documents include:

• Employment contract.
• Certificates from the company’s accounting department about the employee’s length of service.
• Extracts from orders and decrees of the head of the enterprise.
• Personal accounts and statements for the payment of wages - with the obligatory indication of the date.
• Information from the archives of the enterprise.
• Certificates and extracts from the Social Insurance Fund indicating payment of insurance premiums.

Reference: an exhaustive list of documents confirming the employee’s experience is formulated by the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development “On approval of the rules for calculating and confirming the insurance experience...” dated 02/06/2007 No. 91.

How to correctly calculate the length of service required to pay for sick leave?

It should be noted that the length of service can be labor, non-labor and insurance. To calculate the amount of sick leave benefits, the insurance period is taken into account. This means that only those periods of employment are taken into account when a percentage was deducted from the employee’s salary to the Social Insurance Fund (SIF).

The total length of service is determined by summing up the following periods of work:

• activities under an employment contract;
• municipal, civil state, military service;
• other activities when the employee was subject to compulsory social insurance (for example, voluntary payment of taxes by an entrepreneur to the Social Insurance Fund).

A full month is 30 days, then the procedure is as follows:

• the total number of days that are not included in full years and months is calculated;
• this number of days is converted into months. You need to divide the total number of days by 30 and take the whole part of the resulting value;
• if the number turns out to be more than 12 months, then it is converted to full years, provided that 1 year is equal to 12 months;
• the calculated values ​​of whole years and months are added to the whole years and months that were known during the calculation initially.

An example of determining the length of insurance for sick leave benefits. A certificate of temporary incapacity for work was opened for the employee from October 24, 2020. The employee began working on January 14, 2011. The calculation of the total insurance period is given in the table below.

Actions to determine length of service

Determining the length of service or insurance coverage is one of the important procedures for an employee. After all, this information will help to obtain a number of compensations, for example, payment of sick leave. The algorithm of actions in this case is as follows:

1. Collect a number of documents that were written about in the previous section;
2. Determine the period for making contributions;
3. Find periods that coincide;
4. Select one of the matching periods at the request of the employee himself.

The calculation is made according to the following plan: 30 days of the selected period are converted into 1 month, and 12 months into 1 year. The procedure is regulated by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2014 No. 1015.

For understanding, you can give a visual calculation.

Let us assume that Ivanov A. made insurance contributions in the following periods:

• March 1, 2020 - March 1, 2020 - that is, 2 years.
• April 7, 2007 - September 9, 2020 - that is, 6 months and 1 day.

Summarizing the insurance experience, it turns out that Ivanov A. worked for 2 years, 6 months and 1 day. Accordingly, the coefficient is equal to 0.6.

Download for viewing and printing:

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 2, 2014 No. 1015 “On approval of the Rules for calculating and confirming the insurance period for establishing insurance pensions”

How many days per year can be compensated at 100%?

Expert opinion

Lebedev Sergey Fedorovich

Practitioner lawyer with 7 years of experience. Specialization: civil law. Extensive experience in defense in court.

Many workers are interested in the question of how many sick days per year are paid at 100% of their salary. Much depends on the nature of the pathology and whether the employee has certain benefits.

For example, in the case of an occupational injury, sick leave is paid for the entire duration of treatment. If the employee is disabled, then his sick leave is paid in full for four consecutive months.

In a year, no more than five months of days off due to temporary disability can be compensated. This is stated in the third paragraph of Article No. 6 of Federal Law No. 255. If an employee falls ill with tuberculosis, then he is entitled to payments until full recovery. If the employee himself is ill, he can take out sick leave for as long as he needs for a year.

All days will be paid depending on length of service and salary. The therapist can issue a certificate for release from work for up to 15 days. The sick leave is then extended with the participation of the medical board. If a person is sick for more than 4 months in a row, he is referred to MSEC. As a result, a disability group may be assigned.

Accruals are made for 60 days a year. This rule applies provided that the sick child is under seven years of age. If the child is sick longer, then the employee’s leave from work will be extended, but these days will no longer be paid.

If the closest relative is under seven years old and has a diagnosis that belongs to a special list, then sick leave for his caregiver (parent) is opened as many times a year as needed for a period of no more than 15 days. A maximum of 45 days off are paid per year.

If a relative is disabled, then the employee can remain on sick leave for as long as necessary. The benefit will be accrued for a maximum of 120 days per year. If a child is sick with HIV or other similar pathologies, then his caregiver can take as many days off per year as required. Moreover, the entire period of temporary disability will be paid in full.

Thus, persons who have more than eight years of work experience or have lost the ability to work due to an occupational illness or injury are entitled to receive sick leave benefits in the amount of 100% of wages. An employee has the right to take time off from work due to loss of ability to work as many times as he likes. But only a certain number of days per year will be paid, depending on the situation.

Muscovites prefer to pay for housing right away

Transactions with 100% housing in Moscow amount to 45%, in the Moscow region - 37%. According to experts, full payment for a new apartment is the most convenient payment method for the buyer: fewer documents need to be completed, and the transaction is completed much faster.

With this scheme, the entire process takes place in just three stages: agreement of the agreement, depositing money in a cell or transfer through a letter of credit, registration of the agreement and transfer of rights to the Federal Registration Service.

However, despite the simplicity and minimum time spent, the volume of such transactions has not increased over the past 2-3 years - this is hampered by the low solvency of the vast majority of the population.

In second place in the ranking is purchasing with a mortgage. In Moscow it is 33%, in the Moscow region - 37%.

For many buyers, a mortgage, although troublesome, is sometimes the only possible way to pay for housing. Before going to the bank for a mortgage loan, you need to objectively assess your solvency for the next 10-20 years: analyze the demand for your profession, the risks of dismissal or closure of the enterprise. In addition, unlike the Scandinavian countries, where a loan to purchase a home can be taken out at 1.5-3% per annum, in Russia a mortgage loan is a very expensive scheme for the borrower.

Most often, mortgages are issued at 12-14% per annum; as a result, the full amount of loan payments after 12 years can exceed the cost of the apartment by more than twice. If the obligation of monthly payments in the amount of 30-50 thousand rubles is not scary, then a mortgage is the optimal solution to the housing problem.

The advantage of this scheme is that it allows you to buy an apartment with only 10% of the required amount or even less. There are programs without a down payment, provided that an existing home is pledged as collateral; the loan repayment period can reach 30 years or more, so many families agree to pay high interest rates, since they still won’t be able to save up for an apartment on their own. All this makes purchasing housing with a mortgage the second most popular scheme after 100% payment.

In third place in the ranking is purchase in installments. In Moscow, the volume of such transactions is 20%, in the Moscow region - 23%.

The share participation agreement does not exclude the possibility of paying for the apartment in installments. With this payment scheme, the contract includes conditions on the amount of the down payment, the period for which the possibility of installments is given, the frequency and method of making payments. As a rule, payment in installments is provided to buyers who are willing to pay at least 30-50% of the cost of the apartment at once. Most often, installment plans are issued for a period of three months to three years. Payments can be transferred quarterly, monthly and weekly, usually the contract stipulates making monthly payments. When paying for an apartment in installments, the buyer needs to understand that interest-free schemes are extremely rare. Most often, the announcement of an interest-free installment plan is a marketing ploy; in fact, 8-12% per annum is already included in the price of the apartment, which would cost less if the full price was paid.

Purchasing with housing certificates ranks fourth in the ranking of payment methods for new housing. There are only 1% of those wishing to purchase an apartment in Moscow using this scheme, and 2% in the Moscow region.

Housing certificates are a special type of bond that confirms the owner’s right to receive an apartment or subsidies for the purchase and construction of housing. The issuance of housing certificates is part of the federal Housing program; the denomination of the certificate is established in square meters and monetary equivalent. Housing certificates are issued by companies that have the rights of the customer to build housing.

Very few people can become the owner of housing certificates - they are mainly received on a first-come, first-served basis by military personnel, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, young families and victims of natural disasters and terrorist attacks. Moreover, only those of them who do not own any other housing or even in social rent. The disadvantage of the certificate is that it must be brought to the bank within two months from the date of receipt. If the owner has presented a housing certificate in the amount of 30% of the cost of the apartment or more, then the issuer of the certificate is obliged to conclude a purchase and sale agreement for housing or pay off the price of the certificate at the indexed nominal value.

Those wishing to purchase a new home using a promissory note are only 1% in Moscow and the same number in the region.

Experts believe that the low popularity of this payment method is due to the fact that after the adoption of Law No. 214-FZ it became illegal. However, this payment method can still be found in the market, especially in high-end housing segments. Even during the heyday of this scheme on the market, it was most widespread among a respectable audience for one simple reason - it was morally difficult for a low-income audience to give up their hard-earned money in exchange for a “piece of paper.” This payment method has been and will remain the riskiest of all possible options for purchasing real estate.

Let us recall that a bill of exchange is a written promissory note issued by the drawer (developer, investor, sub-investor) to the bill holder (buyer of the apartment). Under this obligation, the buyer has the right to demand from the borrower payment by a certain date the amount specified in the bill. The company submits a bill of exchange to the client for an amount equal to the cost of the selected apartment. Subsequently, when the bill comes due, the buyer exchanges it for an apartment.

For an apartment buyer, this scheme is extremely unreliable. Legally, the purchase and sale of a bill of exchange is in no way connected with the apartment, and the buyer has to rely entirely on the integrity of the developer. Not a single document states that the developer must return the cost of the promissory note in the form of an apartment. And if the developer returns money to the failed new tenant instead of an apartment, then no court will be able to oblige him to provide housing.

A comment

Maria Litinetskaya

, General Director of Metrium Group:

-Most of the purchase and sale transactions of new housing are concluded according to the 100% payment scheme and with the help of a mortgage loan. The increase in the share of transactions with 100% payment is hampered by the low level of income of the population, which accordingly leads to a gradual increase in the share of mortgage loans, which could be even higher if not for the increase in interest rates that we have observed since mid-2012. Moreover, the prospects for its reduction are still very unlikely.

The share of housing certificate transactions is likely to remain important as the number of people eligible to use them remains more or less stable. But purchasing under a bill of exchange scheme became illegal with the adoption of Federal Law No. 214 FZ, and I am sure that soon it will finally lose ground and disappear from the market of the Moscow region.

When is sick leave paid 100%?

The relationship between employer and employee related to the payment of sick leave is regulated by a number of regulations.

Dear readers! The article talks about typical ways to resolve legal issues, but each case is individual. If you want to find out how to solve your particular problem , contact a consultant:

APPLICATIONS AND CALLS ARE ACCEPTED 24/7 and 7 days a week.

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These are:

• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 15, 2007 N 375: is devoted to the peculiarities of accruals for temporary disability for citizens who are covered by social insurance.
• Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 30, 2013 N 182n: defines the procedure for issuing salary certificates for the past 2 years preceding sick leave. These are certificates of periods of incapacity and leave due to childbirth, pregnancy, and child care.

Refund of advance payment under the supply agreement

Read more about the various consequences of short delivery of goods in our article at the link: Short delivery of goods under a supply agreement - liability . This section of the article will discuss in more detail the return of prepayment under a supply agreement.

In case of a legal dispute, in order to return the prepayment, you must prove:

• the fact of depositing funds;
• failure by the counterparty to fulfill the conditions for the provision of property;
• non-refund of the prepayment by the counterparty.

If in the request for the return of the advance payment the buyer also declares termination of the contract, then with regard to the interest accrued on the amount of the advance payment when the buyer’s application for the return of the advance payment is satisfied, the courts proceed from the following:

1. Until the date of notice of termination, interest is accrued under the agreement.
2. After the date of notification of termination, interest is calculated for the use of other people's funds (determination of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated September 15, 2016 No. 304-ES16-11524 in case No. A45-22305/2015).

So, to draw up a supply agreement with prepayment terms, which means full or partial payment of money even before the goods are transferred to the buyer, a sample supply agreement with prepayment can be used, which can be downloaded for free from the link provided in this article .

In the process of agreeing on the terms, it is important to determine the amount of the prepayment, the term for making it, the possibility of accruing interest on this amount as a commercial loan and the amount of such interest, determining the part of the cost of the goods towards which the advance payment is made, as well as the possibility of collecting a penalty in case of non-payment or untimely payment prepayment.

When is sick leave paid 100% in 2020?

In which cases?

Sick leave is issued and paid 100% if a person gets sick or has a domestic or work injury.

In addition, it is issued when:

• child's illness;
• quarantine;
• recovery after surgery;
• caring for an adult relative;
• during pregnancy and childbirth.

For what categories of workers?

In 2020, sick leave is due to the following categories of workers:

• employees working under an employment contract, except for contractors;
• employees who have signed an employment contract with an individual entrepreneur, if they do not work for him under the mentioned contract agreements;
• persons who voluntarily transfer funds to the Social Insurance Fund;
• members of cooperatives.

With what length of experience?

The employee is fully compensated for loss of wages due to incapacity for work if he has continuously made contributions for at least 8 years and has accumulated the appropriate insurance experience.

This experience should not be confused with work experience. It indicates the number of complete years during which the employee has paid insurance premiums.

This is the only case when sick leave is paid 100 percent. Knowing his period for paying insurance premiums, the employee will be able to determine how many years later sick leave will fully compensate for his salary.

How can an employer correct a sick leave certificate? Read here.

Documents for confirmation

If an employee needs to confirm that his insurance record is sufficient to pay sick leave, he must present a number of documents depending on his place of work:

• An employment record book, or, in its absence, written employment contracts.
• Payment documents of employers, proving their payment of insurance premiums (they confirm the period of work of a private individual for individual individuals, individual entrepreneurs, in peasant farms until 2003).
• Activities on the collective farm before January 1, 2001 are proven by providing a work book, and from that time onwards - it and documented information from the collective farm or cooperative on making payments for social insurance.
• The periods of paid work of prisoners are proven using a work record book and documents from the institution where they served their sentence.
• The work of a priest is confirmed by the information entered in the work book and documents confirming the payment of fees by the religious organization.
• Periods of service in the police and other internal affairs bodies or in the army are determined on the basis of military ID cards, certificates from military registration and enlistment offices, military units, and archives.

Actions to determine length of service

To find out the length of service required to use the coefficient, perform the following steps:

• collect the above documents;
• determine the periods for payment of contributions;
• find matching periods;
• Based on the employee’s application, one of the matching periods is selected.

When calculating, every 30 days of the allocated period are converted into months, and every 12 months are counted as a full year.

The full range of actions to determine the insurance period is specified in the Rules for calculating the insurance period, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 2, 2014 N 1015.

Here's an example of a calculation:

Let’s say Ivan Sergeevich Maksimenko paid insurance premiums during the following periods:

• 01/01/2015 - 01/01/2017 - 2 years
• 03/07/2007 - 09/09/2017 - 6 months and 1 day.

In total, the person worked for 2 years, 6 months and 1 day. Its coefficient will be equal to 0.6.

Algorithm for determining the amount

When determining the amount of sick leave, the following sequence of steps is performed:

• the total salary received over 2 years is calculated;
• the average daily income is determined by dividing by the total number of days in the past two years;
• the result obtained is multiplied by the number of working days on sick leave;
• The experience factor is applied.

The odds table is shown below:

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the maximum amount of income from which contributions to the Social Insurance Fund are deducted.

The minimum benefit amount is determined according to the minimum wage:

Calculation:

• The total insurance experience is 9 years. That is, the coefficient is 1.
• Let's calculate his daily income. It is equal to 492 rubles.
• Result: simply multiply the resulting amount by 12. The employee should receive 5910 rubles.

How many days?

• The maximum period of sick leave cannot exceed 30 days.
• But the first period does not exceed 10 days. It can be extended upon the patient's return visit. And the medical commission extends it to 12 months in case of severe consequences.
• When caring for a sick child, sick leave is established from 30 to 60 days.
• In case of disability, the sick leave period is 5 months.
• The period of sick leave during pregnancy is 140 days.

Read more about how to calculate the average daily earnings for calculating sick leave here.

Excluded periods for calculating sick leave are here.

In the civil service

Civil servants and other people receiving salaries from the state budget are also eligible to receive assistance from social insurance funds.

The period of public service must be taken into account when calculating sick leave. And the amount is calculated in the same way as in other calculation cases.

Documents confirming the length of service in public service are a work record book or a service contract.

Caring for a child and other family members

Obtaining sick leave and accruing it when a child is ill has the following features:

• Wide range of diseases. Received for all diseases in which you cannot be left alone at home.
• It is issued not only to parents, but also to anyone with legal rights, such as guardians.
• If the child is under 7 years old, then sick leave is issued for a full period, which should not exceed 2 months per year.
• For children aged 7 to 15 years, they are issued for up to 15 days, but more than 1.5 months per year.
• During outpatient treatment of adolescents, parents have the right to take a three-day sick leave for a monthly annual period.
• A disabled child is cared for up to 4 months a year.

When determining the amount of payments, they are based on the child’s age, treatment conditions, parents’ insurance coverage and their average daily salary.

What you need to know about 100% prepayment - expert opinions

In countries with developed market economies, it is customary in online stores to pay the full cost of goods immediately after placing an order. Most RuNet users prefer cash on delivery. This occurs despite the benefits of 100% prepayment:

1. There is no risk of increasing the price of the product. The total amount does not take into account possible risks due to currency fluctuations.
2. Purchase protection. For large market players, the payment system is set up in such a way that the money is not immediately transferred to the seller’s account, but is stored in the guarantor bank until the client confirms receipt of his purchase.
3. Discounts. In some cases - up to 35%.

We found out the reasons for such different buyer behavior among online store owners and experts.
In what niche and with what payment methods does your online store work?
Kino Kwok, TradeEase

Our online platform presents products of different categories: from clothing and accessories to electronics and furniture. To pay for purchases, we offer users the Yandex.Money system. We are already working on integrating other payment methods into the site - through a terminal, by bank card and Yandex.Wallet.

Mark Shumov “Random Gifts”

Our project is a partner of the Chinese aggregator AliExpress, which works only on 100% prepayment. In a conversation with his Russian representatives, we asked a similar question and received a very laconic answer: “Money in the morning, chairs in the evening.” A little later they explained to us that in China they try to minimize the so-called cash gaps, when the goods have been sent but there is no money for it yet.

This situation imposes some restrictions on the seller or manufacturer - they have to artificially increase working capital or enter into installment payments with other participants in the trade chain. Projects such as AliExpress or eBay are trying to introduce and popularize this payment method, since in most countries of the world it is taken as the basis for online trading.

Talia Akhmetova , Florist.ru

Our company is an international flower delivery service. Payment methods for services - plastic cards (VISA, MasterCard), Yandex. Money, WebMoney, payment terminals QIWI and Eleksnet. Payment can be made from a mobile phone account, through Sberbank (Sberbank-online), payment in cash in the salon and in cash to the courier is offered, as well as non-cash payments for legal entities.

Vladimir Panushkin , IMPULS-IVTS

We work in the field of supply of computer equipment, business and office software. We cooperate on prepayment - there are no objections from customers, despite the fact that the store is a little less than a year old.

Elena Kuzmenko , Gunze

We are the official distributor of the Japanese lingerie brand in the Russian Federation. We believe that a variety of options in terms of payment methods gives the client freedom of choice, so we immediately connected all the options: payment by card online, payment by card upon delivery by courier, cash to the courier, payment using WebMoney, PayPal, and so on.

Vladimir Mirolyubov , Plano

We work in the business office niche and accept only 100% prepayment. It allows us to insure against “non-repurchase” (when a product is sent by cash on delivery or payment upon receipt, and the buyer ultimately does not purchase it). This way, the business reduces not only the cash gap (when money for a purchase arrives after two to three weeks), but also direct losses to the company in the form of expenses for traveling such orders to unlucky customers and back.

Anna Geronova , Improve

We sell women's bags on the ToBox trading platform on condition of 100% prepayment. As far as I know, most owners of small online stores use the same scheme.

Alexander Ninburg , "Nimble"

At one time, we decided to work on a monthly subscription basis. We accept money from bank cards and automatically issue invoices for payments by bank transfer. We believe that these are the most suitable payment acceptance options for a cloud service like ours.

The ratio of financial flows between these two payment methods is distributed equally, and our clients are legal entities. Experience shows that it is easier for owners to pay with a personal or corporate card. In essence, this is an advance payment, but due to the specifics of the business, the client has minimal risks. This is facilitated by the low cost of subscription, constant online support and operation of the service 24 hours a day.

Any technical glitch is more than just a technical problem - it is a blow to your reputation. We closely monitor the uninterrupted operation and constantly improve the security level of the cloud service. To resolve the issues of prepayment, a new tariff was introduced in 2016, under which we charge an advance payment in the amount of 0.9% of turnover for the previous period of time. As practice has shown, this prepayment option is interesting to our partners.

Veronika Balafendieva , Spikes Russia

I am a co-founder of two e-commerce companies. Both companies sell American brand jewelry online. One company sells wholesale, the other sells retail. In the wholesale segment we work only on prepayment; in retail, a significant proportion of orders are sent by cash on delivery. One of the proposed payment methods is online payment: Yandex money, Robokassa, Qiwi wallet, bank card, etc.

Why, in your opinion, does 100% prepayment in online stores in post-Soviet countries still face total distrust from buyers??

Kino Kwok, TradeEase

It's a matter of mentality and habit. The buyer most often wants to hold the item in his hands, personally check its condition, and the willingness to order a product of which he is not sure of the quality is very low. Therefore, online stores face a rather difficult task - to gain the trust of users before they make a purchase on the site.

Talia Akhmetova , Florist.ru

Online payment in the country has become popular relatively recently, along with the development of the Internet in the regions. Of course, it always seems clearer and more reliable to the consumer to hand over the money to the seller personally, while “looking into his eyes”, “touching the product with his hands”. Distrust on the part of buyers is understandable and understandable.

In addition, if we compare the foreign experience of the most popular online payment system PayPal, then everything is much simpler and safer there. If the client experiences fraud or the purchased product does not correspond to what was declared, the system returns the transferred funds back to the buyer.

In our country the approach is different. If the money is transferred to an account, it is impossible to return it yourself; the chargeback procedure is quite complicated and not every bank easily agrees to launch it. In addition, in post-Soviet countries, the crisis of the nineties affects people’s distrust of stores as such. And scammers still operate under the guise of e-commerce, because not every client checks the store’s security certificates and compliance of its work with the PCI DSS payment card information security standard.

Vladimir Panushkin , IMPULS-IVTS

The Internet is fraught with many pitfalls that you don’t even think about offline. For example, no one would think of making an advance payment for shoes that you want to buy at a nearby market - you come, pay, and pick up. With online trading, things are a little more complicated.

Fraud can occur even where it should not exist. There are known facts when competent specialists made mirror copies of well-known sites and simply collected money on their behalf. I think that with a well-promoted brand, a day is enough for such a fake site to make good money.

It also happens that in response to a purchase request, an invoice is issued with all the recipient’s details, except for the invoice number itself. It is very difficult to notice and distinguish such nuances. On the Internet, where it is much more difficult to catch a deceiver, trust plays a particularly important role.

Very often, before placing an order, our clients first call our office and find out in detail all the details, both about the order itself and about making the payment. Of course, our consultants try to answer all questions in as much detail as possible. Mistrust is always a complex problem.

Instability of the market situation, failure or improper fulfillment by the authorities at all levels of their responsibilities, low income levels of buyers with an urgent need to purchase this particular product... All this creates good ground for increased anxiety and mistrust. The feeling of general insecurity is the main problem.

Alexander Levitas , marketing expert and business coach

When people compare only prices and choose the store with the lowest price, it usually turns out to be a store that they have heard about for the first time in their lives, and there is no trust in it at all. There is no confidence in the quality of the product, in its performance, there is no confidence that the product will be delivered at all. Stores with a strong brand - for example, the same "Ozon" - work best on prepayment, so the client does not expect a trick from them. But their price tag is usually not the lowest, so those who are trying to save money often choose more dubious stores, which they themselves do not fully trust.

Elena Kuzmenko , Gunze

Firstly, everyone is afraid of scammers, people are afraid to pay for their purchase and be left without the goods, or receive goods of poor quality. Secondly, distrustful buyers do not want to leave card details and are cautious. In Japan, for example, the majority of buyers on the Internet, and this is 80-90%, safely prepay by card, because it is convenient, saves time, and the Japanese receive bonuses from almost all banks for this type of payment.

In Japan there is such a thing as mailboxes. On the first floors of apartment buildings there is a large room with cells; each resident of the house has a key to his cell. The courier delivers the goods prepaid online to the cell and leaves a notice in the mailbox. This is a very convenient service, especially for super-busy Japanese - you don’t have to wait for the courier and pick up the parcel at any convenient time.

Of course, the crime rate in Russia and Japan does not need to be compared. But even there, Chinese scammers have now appeared, opening supposedly Japanese sites and diverting clients’ funds to an unknown direction. A new trend in Japanese online business is special companies that help return funds to honest customers.

Vladimir Mirolyubov , Plano

The answer lies in the mentality of our people, who are accustomed to working with cash and trusting their money only to trusted people and sellers. That is why it is necessary to explain to a potential buyer what your online store is and what guarantees it gives to all customers.

Mark Shumov , "Random Gifts"

In RuNet, this method is only gaining popularity. The reasons for such a late development: the relative youth of our market (in the USA they started selling online back in 1994) and the low level of Internet literacy, and therefore the public’s trust in online sellers.

Anna Geronova , Improve

Online trading began to develop in the post-Soviet countries relatively recently, and it is difficult for people to get used to new shopping formats. Previously, they went to a real store and could not only touch and try on the product, but also receive it immediately after giving money.

Alexander Ninburg , "Nimble"

There is still a high risk of fraud, the market is still in its development stage. Today, there are many small stores operating online that do not have an established reputation and technical infrastructure for securely accepting payments. They take their clients solely on price. It is natural that the client has questions: where do they get the goods if they sell them below the average market price? What is their margin in this case? These are the first, but not the last factors of mistrust.

However, people still buy from them at their own risk because they are cheap. Payment systems VISA and MasterCard already offer various security tools.

For example, 3DSecure, when every transaction goes through the issuing bank (which issued the card). The bank asks the client to confirm the transaction via SMS, sending a unique code that must be entered on the page of the same bank. This means that the issuing bank guarantees that the payment was made from the card of the real owner, and the bank that makes the debit takes responsibility for the legality of the store.

If the client does not receive the goods or it turns out to be defective, the money will be returned to the buyer’s card, and also, if the buyer returns the money after receiving the goods, the issuing bank will reimburse the acquiring bank for the missing amount.

Veronika Balafendieva , Spikes Russia

Despite the significant discount that a customer can receive when paying online (in our store it is 10%), people are still distrustful of this model. We ship nine out of ten orders by cash on delivery. I think this is due to people's general distrust of online sales. The negative experience that almost everyone who has ever bought something on the Internet has had, as they say, leaves a bitter taste. I think people have little idea of ​​what they can do if they are deceived by the seller and therefore are simply afraid. There is not even a special body where you can complain if, for example, you were deceived by an unscrupulous seller on the Internet. But even if such an institution exists, few people know about it

What can change the situation for the better?

Kino Kwok, TradeEase

The situation is already changing. People are becoming more open to the idea of ​​online shopping and ordering more products. This happens because the choice of goods online is much wider, and, best of all, the prices are lower. This is evidenced by data from AKIT (Association of Internet Trade Companies). For example, the volume of purchases made by Russian users in foreign online stores is growing every year: in 2008 this figure amounted to 4.3 billion rubles, by 2014 it increased to 208.6 billion.

From the editor: According to the NBU, in Ukraine in 2014, more than 879 million non-cash payments were made in the amount of over UAH 255 billion. Prom.ua reports that only 25% of users paid for goods in cash in 2014. The most popular payment methods are cashless payments and cash on delivery. At the same time, the size of the average check varied from 607 to 1157 UAH.

Talia Akhmetova , Florist.ru

Firstly, this is the education of the users themselves. The client must understand who he is paying and for what. When applying for, for example, a banking product (loan), you need to read the agreement with the store (most often, this is an offer agreement), the terms of delivery and possible return of goods and funds. Particular attention should be paid to the availability of protection for online payments, do not “flash” a bank card with basic funds on the Internet, but create an additional one, for example, a virtual card for making online payments.

Most large banks allow this today. Finally, you need to order goods from time-tested stores and not trust your funds to dubious persons about whom there is no information on the Internet. The media can and should play a significant role in the process of user education.

Alexander Levitas , marketing expert and business coach

The situation can be changed either by working through a reputable payment system or platform that will act as a defender of its customers, or by stores building a strong brand that customers will trust.

Elena Kuzmenko , Gunze

Time will help change the situation. Payment habits must change. A few years ago, people were afraid to buy anything on the Internet at all, but now they feel free to buy, but with post-payment. Today, the point is to make users believe that paying in advance is sometimes much more convenient.

Vladimir Mirolyubov , Plano

Of course, this type of payment must be used especially carefully; it requires more careful work with the consumer audience. So, it is necessary to gain the greatest trust in the eyes of the buyer: provide legal information about the business (up to scanned statutory documents), show the faces of employees (this moment also brings the buyer closer to the company), show real reviews of real buyers using social network widgets. Not to mention the standard set, like various kinds of trust icons.

Anna Geronova , Improve

It takes time for people to get used to new shopping formats. And, of course, the honesty of the sellers. Only those who have proven themselves well in the market trade successfully under the condition of 100% prepayment. By the way, it takes quite a lot of effort, time and money to develop a reputation online. It is also possible that the situation will be affected by legislative regulation of the sphere of online commerce.

Veronika Balafendieva , Spikes Russia

Time can change the situation for the better. With the development of e-commerce, people will trust us, online stores, more.

Alexander Ninburg , "Nimble"

We are missing big players. The larger the store, the easier it is for it to cover costs in force majeure situations. A good example is eBay, AliExpress and others. There, the buyer is always in a better position than the seller. During the agreed period of use of the product, the client can always complain about the quality of the product and will be fully reimbursed for the money spent.

In this case, the money on the buyer’s card is blocked, but not written off. And in this state they arrive until the buyer signs off that he has received the goods. Until this moment, the bank will not unfreeze this money and will not transfer it to the seller.

Car rental systems work according to a similar scheme, when the insured amount is blocked on the client’s account for the duration of the car’s use, and unblocking occurs after delivery and acceptance. Not all retailers in RuNet can boast of such functionality.

How can a client protect himself from fraudsters with 100% prepayment?

Kino Kwok, TradeEase

Protection from fraudsters is a task that faces the trading platform, not the client. For example, we seriously and carefully select suppliers, and if a conflict arises, we promptly get involved in resolving it. Since we receive a deposit from sellers, we can use it to pay compensation to the buyer (if the dispute is resolved in his favor). Moreover, sellers with a bad reputation and negative reviews are excluded from the list of those who can work on the site. The only thing consumers can do to protect themselves from scammers is to be careful and careful when choosing online platforms. Make sure they have a buyer protection system in place and carefully select sellers based on the reviews left on the site.

Talia Akhmetova , Florist.ru

Some payment systems on their websites describe how to protect yourself when paying through their system (for example, Yandex.Money and WebMoney). The company's website must indicate the legal and actual address at which the store can be contacted. You can also check how long ago the site's domain was registered (for example, using free whois tools). This way you can check the creation date of the online store website.

Vladimir Panushkin , IMPULS-IVTS

1. Always try to be guided by a simple principle - good work is not done quickly. If you are dealing with scammers, you will probably see insufficient, incomplete or inaccurate information on the site. Beware of making hasty conclusions and actions.
2. Be sure to call the store before making a payment. In the B2B market this is especially important, since the volumes of purchases and payments are much greater than in the B2C market.
3. A phone call also does not guarantee complete security. Try to collect more information about the seller - how long has the company been operating on the market, what projects has it implemented, what guarantees is it willing to provide when purchasing a product. The legislation has not yet been repealed, and therefore just better study your rights as a buyer and the possibilities of defending them.
4. Look for reviews about the company. It’s okay if you find even less than flattering things from former employees. The main thing is that these employees really exist.

Alexander Levitas , marketing expert and business coach

If there is no intermediary between the store and the buyer, the buyer cannot avoid the situation in which he lost money and received nothing (or received a box of junk). The role of an intermediary can be played by a payment system that carries out a “protected transfer” (that is, it debits money from the buyer immediately, and transfers it to the seller only after the buyer has confirmed delivery of the goods), or guarantees the return of money to the buyer’s account in case of fraud.

The role of an intermediary can be played by a trading platform (e.g. eBay or AliExpress), which will act as an arbiter in the event of a buyer’s claim. An integrator like Yandex.Market can act as an intermediary, which in case of fraud will kick the seller out of its database, so the store has a good reason to behave honestly. But if the transaction takes place directly between the seller and the buyer, there is no guaranteed way to prevent fraud in advance payment.

Anna Geronova , Improve

Read reviews about the seller on the Internet, check the date the store was created to understand how long it has been on the market, watch how it works with comments from dissatisfied customers (they delete them, or respond and try to correct the situation). Many trading platforms have store ratings based on customer reviews - this information will also be useful. It is imperative to evaluate the adequacy of the price. If a product is sold everywhere for 20,000 rubles, and they offer it to you for 2,000, something is clearly fishy.

Alexander Ninburg , "Nimble"

A self-respecting store must have an agreement with at least one payment acceptance service. You can protect yourself by conducting transactions through proven payment systems (Paypal, Yandex.Money, RBK money and others). You should be wary of simple money transfers to a card or phone number. If you doubt the cleanliness of the store, but still decide to make a purchase, record your communication with the seller in every possible way: save correspondence, take screenshots, record telephone conversations. This may help in future legal proceedings.

Veronika Balafendieva , Spikes Russia

It turns out that, unfortunately, no way. Of course, you need to be careful about the “quality” of the store. Don’t be lazy, see if the physical address of the store is indicated, if there are telephone numbers, and if the rules for returning funds in case of complaints are written down. Call before placing an order, write to a consultant on the site. For example, on our websites there are toll-free telephone numbers 8-800 for consultation, and there are live chat consultants ready to answer your questions almost around the clock. In general, it is always better to make sure that the store is “live”. Although, of course, this does not provide 100% protection against fraud.

Tell us about the technical and financial side of the issue. How is this method beneficial to the client and how is it beneficial to the seller? How is money withdrawn from the card and is a refund possible?

Kino Kwok, TradeEase

100% prepayment is beneficial for the seller in terms of insuring himself against risks, for example, from loss of money at the delivery stage and detection of defects, and the client is guaranteed the reliability of the seller and the site itself, which sells goods at a lower price than competitors. Each online platform must have partners who can provide protection and refunds. For us, this is the PayEase system, it ensures security and the return of the entire amount, thanks to which all participants remain winners.

Talia Akhmetova , Florist.ru

The system is convenient if a purchase needs to be made in another city or country when payment in cash is not possible. Even if distance is not an issue, you can pay for an online purchase with delivery for another person. This is an example of our company. As a rule, the client and recipient of the flower delivery service are two different people.

For example, he is in Moscow, and his beloved is in Krasnodar (or any other city). A company receiving an advance payment can protect itself from non-payment of the delivered goods by the client, especially if it is a perishable product. Of course, if the service is not performed, the client has the right to demand a refund. In the practice of our company, this happens extremely rarely, and we are always ready to correct the error.

Vladimir Panushkin , IMPULS-IVTS

Today, when the ruble is jumping like crazy, for many sellers there is a situation of increased risk of being at a loss due to postpayment, which can arrive in the account from 2 to 10 days after settlements with the supplier. Therefore, I think prepayment will still expand in our network segment.

For the buyer, prepayment can actually be much more profitable than postpayment. By making a payment, you have already “loaded” the seller’s company with contractual obligations. If you are confident in the seller, then the maximum you risk is the return of your payment. In the case of postpayment, if you do not pay on time, and the ruble has fallen significantly, you will no longer be able to purchase the equipment you need at the previous price - both the ruble has fallen and the seller has raised the price.

Alexander Levitas , marketing expert and business coach

Unfortunately, there is no benefit for the buyer. 100% prepayment is obviously beneficial to the seller, but the buyer gains nothing by parting with the money a few days earlier and taking on the risk of buying a “pig in a poke.”

Mark Shumov , "Random Gifts"

Every year the share of online payments is growing, which means prepayment is growing and the opportunities for its further promotion among online stores are increasing. What is good news is that some stores encourage customers and give discounts for non-cash and 100% prepayment.

Anna Geronova , Improve

Let's not forget why small online stores use this scheme in the first place. Precisely because it is most beneficial for them. The seller does not purchase goods with his own money, risking, for example, not selling it and going to a loss. He, in fact, collects orders, receives money and only then orders the goods, thus immediately having a sales guarantee in his hands. In addition, you don’t need to think about where to get working capital to purchase goods.

At first glance, this scheme does not seem very profitable to the client. But think about it: most online stores successfully sell this way. Consequently, the client still agrees to this scheme. This happens, in my opinion, for two reasons - either it is an exclusive product (limited edition, handmade, designer items, goods brought from small foreign boutiques that do not offer online purchases), or the products have attractive prices. And by the way, the 100% prepayment scheme really helps set more affordable prices. There is no need to include in the price of the product the risks that you will not be able to sell everything. This is the buyer's benefit.

As for returning money, if you are dealing with a seller who cares about its reputation, then you will not have problems with returns. I need my clients to be happy so that they recommend me to their friends. Word of mouth helps a lot in promoting a store. When you run into a scammer, you need to contact the payment system you used to transfer money. There should be some contact information for the seller. Plus, I advise you to cooperate with other deceived buyers and look for them on the Internet. You are unlikely to be the only victim. And then go to court with the maximum amount of information that could be found about the fraudster.

Alexander Ninburg , "Nimble"

In general, 100% prepayment is more beneficial for the seller. This is money that goes straight into circulation, and a guarantee that the buyer will actually buy the product, since in fact he has already paid for it. For the client, these are rather risks, but also an opportunity to buy a product quickly, before someone else buys it. Everything would be fine if not for a thousand different “buts”.

Veronika Balafendieva , Spikes Russia

Technically, paying for an order on the website is always easy. Following the instructions after ordering, the customer enters his details, and voila! In this case, the store always loses the commission it pays to payment systems. It can reach up to 8%. On this side, this method is not entirely beneficial to the store, at first glance.

However, we will always prefer online payment to cash on delivery, because we receive this money almost immediately, but with cash on delivery we may not receive it at all. Here lies another problem of e-commerce - customer refusal to receive. Today, online payment is a secure payment method.

We never receive information about the client's card or passwords. This data is transmitted over encrypted channels. Clients have nothing to fear. The only negative is that it may take up to 30 days to return funds to the card.

During the survey, online store owners and experts most often repeated:

When is the 100% payment calculated?

You need to know that even if sick leave is paid in full, the amount of compensation may be less than expected. The reason is that certain restrictions have been established on the duration of temporary disability. They relate to both one-time sick leave and the total number of days for one reporting year.

According to the law on compulsory social insurance, there are several situations where a person receives full payment for documented temporary disability:

1. Injury or common illness – worked for a full 8 years or more.
2. The employee’s child is undergoing treatment in an inpatient or outpatient setting - the length of service is more than 8 years and the sick leave is issued for 10 days.
3. Restoring the health of an employee or a member of his family in a regular outpatient setting – from 8 years of work experience.
4. Pregnancy and childbirth. If a woman has at least six months of experience, she receives a compensation payment in the amount of the full average salary received in her hands.

These general rules for the payment of monetary compensation have some important features. Some complex situations are worth exploring in more detail. This will help you understand when strictly 100% compensation for sick leave is calculated, and in which cases the amount of payment may be less.

Caring for relatives and children

Expert opinion

Lebedev Sergey Fedorovich

Practitioner lawyer with 7 years of experience. Specialization: civil law. Extensive experience in defense in court.

A certain amount of compensation for a certificate of incapacity for work is due if an employee is forced to care for his relative. The reason may be not only the child’s illness, but also his being in quarantine. The amount of payment here will depend on the following factors:

• The person who is sick is a child or close relative;
• Type of therapy – in a clinic or on an outpatient basis, at home.

If a child or adult requires treatment in a hospital setting, with more than 8 years of experience, 100% compensation will be paid. If the therapy was carried out at home, with the same length of service, 100% will be transferred only for the first 10 days. For all subsequent days, compensation will be paid in the amount of 50% of the average wage received.

Pregnancy and childbirth

This period of absence from work deserves special attention. Women are supported by the state with special preferential treatment. This is a special category of employees who are entitled to a large number of labor benefits and official guarantees.

In the process of calculating maternity benefits, the number of years worked is not taken into account.

Regardless of how many years a woman has officially worked on the date of maternity leave, temporary disability compensation is calculated and paid exclusively to the maximum, that is, 100% amount.

In other words, even if a woman’s total experience is less than 8 years, the compensation amount will be paid exclusively in full. The only exception is less than 6 months of work experience. In this case, the basis will not be the average earnings, but the size of the minimum wage indicator current at the date of calculation.

Delivery agreement with prepayment: certain nuances

Concluding a supply agreement with prepayment involves taking on certain legal risks in the tax sphere, in particular the need to monitor the practice of accounting for prepayments as expenses by a taxpayer using the cash method. The difficulty is that the counter-obligation is not terminated.

The need to include the prepayment amount as income is indicated in clause 8 of the Review of the practice of resolving cases by arbitration courts related to the application of certain provisions of Chapter. 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (appendix to the information letter of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated December 22, 2005 No. 98).

In the process of agreeing on an advance payment, the parties must decide on the necessary reflection of the results of the agreement in the draft agreement with such issues as:

• date of making the advance payment (in addition to setting a specific date, the parties can determine the deadline for making the payment in the form of a certain period);
• the need to charge interest on the prepayment amount (commercial loan fee) and determine the amount of such interest;
• determination of the part of the amount of goods for which the pre-paid amount of money is counted;
• the need to levy a penalty for late prepayment and determine the amount of such a penalty.

Determination of length of service

How much will an employee be paid if the total length of service does not exceed the required 8 years? The following rules are established here:

1. Working experience for more than 5 years, but less than 8 years – 80%.
2. Experience up to 5 years – 60%.

The main document confirming the employee’s accumulated work experience is his personal work record book. If it is not possible to provide this document, you can use the following to determine the number of years worked:

• An official employment contract concluded by the employer;
• A certificate issued by the manager or taken from the archive;
• Extract from the order;
• Personal account or special accounting statement for calculating the average salary.

How to determine the situation when a 100% payment is due

To correctly determine the length of service at an enterprise to calculate maintenance payments for an employee on sick leave, there are no special formulas or complex calculations. If you make calculations, you should take into account what insurance premiums were paid by the employer for the employee, including the duration of these contributions.

Calculations are carried out as follows:

1. If insurance premiums were paid for a period of less than five years, then the cost of maintaining a particular employee on sick leave will be 60%.
2. If the total work experience is 5–8 years, then 80% is paid.
3. If 8 or more years, then the amount of payments is 100%.

Work experience at the enterprise of 8 or more years gives the right to accrue full sick leave. Based on the entries in the work book, you can verify the length of the employee’s length of service, as well as the number of jobs and other nuances.